LEADING EDUCATORS SUPPORT TEACHER TEST BOYCOTT
Date: January 21, 2013
Contact: Brian Jones, Teacher and Doctoral Student, 646-554-8592 bjones2@gc.cuny.edu
Wayne Au, Professor of Education, wayne@rethinkingschools.org
LEADING EDUCATORS SUPPORT TEACHER TEST BOYCOTT
In a public statement released today, more than sixty educators and researchers, including some of the most well-respected figures in the field of education, pledged support for the boycott of the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) test initiated by the teachers at Garfield High School in Seattle, calling the action a “blow against the overuse and misuse of standardized tests.” Among the signers of the statement are former US Assistant Secretary of Education Diane Ravitch, Chicago Teachers Union President Karen Lewis, author Jonathan Kozol and professor Nancy Carlsson-Paige. While the MAP test is used exclusively for rating teachers, “the test’s developers (the Northwest Evaluation Association) have noted the inappropriateness of using tests for such evaluations” the educators wrote.
“We’ve had more than a decade of standardized testing,” Ravitch said, “and now we need to admit that it’s not helping.” She added: “By signing this statement, I hope to amplify the voices of teachers who are saying ‘enough is enough’.”
“On Martin Luther King Day, we celebrate people who are willing to take personal risks to act according to their conscience,” Lewis said. “The teachers at Garfield High School are taking a stand for all of us.”
New York City public school teacher and doctoral student Brian Jones drafted the statement last week and received help with revisions and outreach from University of Washington professor Wayne Au. “I’m overwhelmed by the response to this statement,” Jones said, “I feel like this is the beginning of a real movement to challenge high stakes standardized testing.”
"We contacted leading scholars in the field of education," Au said, "and nearly every single one said 'Yes, I'll sign.' The emerging consensus among researchers is clear: high stakes standardized tests are highly problematic, to say the least."
"When I look at this list of names, I see the people whose work helped to make me the teacher I am today," Jesse Hagopian, a teacher at Garfield High School said. "Their support really means a lot to me, and I know that many teachers at Garfield High School feel the same way."
STATEMENT:
WE SUPPORT THE TEACHERS AT GARFIELD HIGH SCHOOL
HIGH STAKES STANDARDIZED TESTS ARE OVERUSED AND OVERRATED
THE USE OF STANDARDIZED TESTS IS SPREADING
To fulfill the requirements of the No Child Left Behind legislation, schools in all 50 states administer standardized tests to students, often beginning in third grade, in reading and math. Now, in response to the demands of Race to the Top and the trend toward greater “accountability” in education, states are developing even more tests for more subjects. Standardized tests, once used primarily to assess student learning, have now become the main instrument for the high-stakes evaluation of teachers, administrators, and even entire schools and school systems.
TESTS CONSUME A GREAT DEAL OF TIME AND MONEY
Standardized testing is consuming an ever-growing proportion of education budgets nationwide. The total price tag may be nearly two billion dollars (1). Texas alone spent, last year, $90 million on standardized testing (2). These tests are not a one hour or one day affair, but now can swallow up whole weeks of classroom time (3). In Chicago, some students must complete 13 standardized tests each year (4).
TESTING HURTS STUDENTS
In the name of “raising standards” the growth of high stakes standardized testing has effectively lowered them. As the stakes for standardized tests are raised higher and higher, administrators and teachers have been forced to spend less time on arts, sciences, social studies, and physical education, and more time on tested subjects. The pressure to prepare students for standardized exams forces teachers to narrow instruction to only that material which will be tested (5). With the fate of whole schools and school systems at stake, cheating scandals have flourished, exposing many reform “miracles” in the process (6). Worse, focusing so much energy on testing undermines the intrinsic value of teaching and learning, and makes it more difficult for teachers and students to pursue authentic teaching and learning experiences.
RESEARCH DOES NOT SUPPORT USING TESTS TO EVALUATE TEACHERS
As a means of assessing student learning, standardized tests are limited. No student’s intellectual process can be reduced to a single number. As a means of assessing teachers, these results are even more problematic. Research suggests that much of the variability in standardized test results is attributable to factors OTHER than the teacher (7). So-called “value-added” models for teacher evaluation have a large margin of error, and are not reliable measures of teacher performance (8).
EDUCATORS ARE TAKING A STAND FOR AUTHENTIC TEACHING AND LEARNING
In a nearly unanimous vote, the staff at Garfield High school in Seattle decided to refuse to administer the district’s Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) test. This test, which research has shown to have no significant impact on reading scores (9), has only one purpose within Seattle Public Schools -- evaluating the teachers, even though the test’s developers (the Northwest Evaluation Association) have noted the inappropriateness of using tests for such evaluations. In taking this action, the educators at Garfield High School have struck a blow against the overuse and misuse of standardized tests, and deserve support. We, the undersigned (10), stand with these brave teachers and against the growing standardized testing industrial complex.
Signed,
Jean Anyon
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Wayne Au
University of Washington, Bothell
Rethinking Schools
Bill Ayers
University of Illinois, Chicago
Jeff Bale
Michigan State University
Kenneth Bernstein
Maya Angelou Public Charter Middle School
Bill Bigelow
Rethinking Schools
Steve Brier
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Anthony Brown
University of Texas, Austin
Nancy Carlsson-Paige
Lesley University
Noam Chomsky
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Linda Christensen
Rethinking Schools
Anthony Cody
Education Week Teacher Magazine
Antonia Darder
Loyola Marymount University
Noah DeLissovoy
University of Texas, Austin
Michelle Fine
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Nancy Flanagan
Education Week Teacher Magazine
Ofelia Garcia
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Alice Ginsburg
Author
Gene Glass
University of Colorado, Boulder
Paul Gorski
George Mason University
Rico Gutstein
University of Illinois, Chicago
Helen Gym
Asian American United
Rethinking Schools
Leonie Haimson
Class Size Matters
Brian Jones
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Stan Karp
Rethinking Schools
Jonathan Kozol
Author
Kevin Kumashiro
University of Illinois, Chicago
National Association for Multicultural Education
Zeus Leonardo
California State University, Long Beach
Karen Lewis
Chicago Teachers Union
Pauline Lipman
University of Illinois, Chicago
Barbara Madeloni
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Nicholas Michelli
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Alex Molnar
University of Colorado, Boulder
National Education Policy Center
National Association for Multicultural Education
Sonia Nieto
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Pedro Noguera
New York University
Edward Olivos
University of Oregon
Celia Oyler
Teachers College, Columbia University
Thomas Pedroni
Wayne State University
Emery Petchauer
Oakland University
Bob Peterson
Milwaukee Teachers’ Education Association
Rethinking Schools
Anthony Picciano
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Bree Picower
Montclair State University
Thomas S. Poetter
Miami University
Diane Ravitch
New York University
Kristen A. Renn
Michigan State University
Rethinking Schools
John Rogers
University of California, Los Angeles
Kenneth J. Saltman
DePaul University, Chicago
Nancy Schniedewind
State University of New York, New Paltz
Ira Shor
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Timothy D. Slekar
Penn State University, Altoona
Christine Sleeter
California State University, Monterey Bay
Jody Sokolower
Rethinking Schools
Joel Spring
Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York
David Stovall
University of Illinois, Chicago
Katy Swalwell
George Mason University
Melissa Bollow Tempel
Milwaukee Public Schools
Rethinking Schools
Paul Thomas
Furman University
Wayne Urban
University of Alabama
Angela Valenzuela
University of Texas, Austin
Stephanie Walters
Rethinking Schools
Kathleen Weiler
Tufts University
Lois Weiner
New Jersey City University
Kevin Welner
University of Colorado, Boulder
National Education Policy Center
Kathy Xiong
Milwaukee Public Schools
Rethinking Schools
Yong Zhao
Author and Scholar
NOTES
1. Chingos, M. M. (2012). Strength in Numbers: State Spending on K-12 Assessment Systems. Brookings Institution.
2. Cargile, E. (May 3, 2012). “Tests’ price tag $90 million this year”. Kxan Investigates, Kxan.com (NBC).
3. Dawer, D. (December 29, 2012) “Standardized Testing is Completely Out of Control”. PolicyMic.com.
4. Vevea, B. (November 26, 2012) “More standardized tests, more Chicago parents looking for ways out”.WBEZ.org.
5. Au, W. (2007). High-stakes testing and curricular control: A qualitative metasynthesis. Educational Researcher, 36(5), 258-267.
6. Pell, M.B. (September 30, 2012). “More cheating scandals inevitable, as states can’t ensure test integrity”. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
7. Baker, E. L., Barton, P. E., Darling-Hammond, L., Haertel, E., Ladd, H. F., Linn, R. L., ... & Shepard, L. A. (2010). Problems with the use of student test scores to evaluate teachers. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute. See also: DiCarlo, M. (July 14, 2010). “Teachers Matter, But So Do Words”. Shanker Blog, The Voice of the Albert Shanker Institute.
8. Schafer, W. D., Lissitz, R. W., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Hou, X., & Li, Y. Evaluating Teachers and Schools Using Student Growth Models. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17(17), 2.
9. Cordray, D., Pion, G., Brandt, C., Molefe, A., & Toby, M. (2012). The Impact of the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) Program on Student Reading Achievement. Final Report. NCEE 2013-4000. National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
10. All signatures represent individual opinions, not institutional endorsements, unless specified. To add your signature to this statement, send an email with your name and affiliation(s) to: GHSstatement@gmail.com.
