Yesterday’s Gems, Today’s Insights

A Roundup of the Web’s Finest Blog Posts!
7-26-25

Jan Resseger: Ohio Legislature Robs Public Schools to Fill Pockets of the Rich https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/25/jan-resseger-ohio-legislature-robs-public-schools-to-fill-pockets-of-the-rich/ via @dianeravitch 

Jan Resseger critiques Ohio's new education budget, highlighting its detrimental impact on public schools. The legislature favors private school vouchers and tax cuts benefiting wealthy individuals, underfunds the Fair School Funding Plan, and shifts the financial burden onto local districts. This approach undermines the state's constitutional responsibility to provide equitable public education.

### Key Points

- Ohio's legislature prioritizes private school vouchers and tax cuts, neglecting public school funding. 

- The Fair School Funding Plan is underfunded, using outdated cost data, which disproportionately harms districts serving low-income students. 

- The budget reallocates funds based on flawed metrics, further disadvantaging under-resourced schools. 

- State income tax cuts reduce revenue, limiting the state's ability to fund public education. 

- Private school vouchers receive more funding increases than public schools, despite serving fewer students. 

- Local districts face increased reliance on property taxes due to reduced state funding. 

Brookings Institution: What Recent Supreme Court Decisions Mean for Public Schools https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/25/brookings-institution-what-the-recent-supreme-court-decisions-mean-for-public-schools/ via @dianeravitch 

Brookings Institution’s article analyzes recent Supreme Court decisions impacting public education, focusing on religious rights and their implications for schools. Key cases discussed include rulings on religious charter schools, parental rights to opt out of LGBTQ+ curriculum, and protections for students with disabilities. Scholars express concern about the erosion of the separation of church and state, potential funding challenges for public schools, and the broader implications for inclusivity in education.

### Key Points

- The Supreme Court’s 2024-2025 term addressed religious charter schools, parental opt-outs for religious reasons, and disability rights in education. 

- In *AJT v. Osseo*, the Court upheld protections for students with disabilities, simplifying legal requirements for discrimination claims. 

- In *Mahmoud v. Taylor*, the Court ruled that parents may opt out of LGBTQ+ inclusive curriculum based on religious beliefs, raising concerns about inclusivity. 

- A split decision in *Drummond* blocked the establishment of religious charter schools, but future cases may revisit this issue. 

- Scholars warn of increased challenges for public schools, including funding shifts, curriculum censorship, and religious influence over public education. 

Florida: School Libraries Told to Remove 55 Books--But Most Had Never Been Checked Out https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/25/florida-school-libraries-told-to-remove-6-books-but-most-had-bever-been-checked-out/ via @dianeravitch 

Florida's Orange County Public Schools removed 55 books from school libraries following state directives labeling them as "pornographic." However, library data revealed that most of these books were rarely, if ever, checked out by students. Out of 41 books in circulation, 22 were never borrowed, and the remaining 19 were checked out fewer than 10 times across a district with nearly 60,000 high school students. Some school leaders criticized the move, calling it a "non-issue" due to the lack of student interest in these books.

### Key Points

- Florida directed school libraries to remove 55 books labeled as "pornographic," but most had minimal or no student engagement. 

- Library data showed that 22 books were never checked out, and 19 were borrowed fewer than 10 times in a district of 60,000 students. 

- Local school leaders expressed frustration, arguing the removal was unnecessary given the lack of student interest. 

The Supreme Court Majority Are MAGA Sycophants https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/25/the-supreme-court-majority-are-maga-sycophants/ via @dianeravitch 

The article discusses the increasing concentration of executive power under Donald Trump during his second term, enabled by the Supreme Court's conservative majority. The Court has repeatedly approved Trump's dismissal of Democratic appointees from independent agencies without cause, undermining longstanding legal precedents designed to ensure agency independence and bipartisan governance. Critics argue that these actions erode the balance of power among government branches and pave the way for an "Imperial Presidency."

### Key Points

- The Supreme Court's conservative majority supports Trump's expansive executive authority, allowing him to dismiss Democratic appointees from independent agencies without cause. 

- These decisions contradict decades of legal precedent requiring "neglect of duty or malfeasance" for removal, threatening the independence of federal agencies. 

- Justice Elena Kagan and others dissent, warning that these rulings undermine the balance of power and legal safeguards established by Congress. 

- Critics highlight the lack of detailed explanations from the Court, which damages its credibility and authority. 

- The rulings consolidate presidential power, raising concerns about the erosion of democratic checks and balances. 

Mark Joseph Stern: The Supreme Court Majority Are MAGA Sycophants https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/25/mark-joseph-stern-the-supreme-court-majority-are-maga-sycophants/ via @dianeravitch

Mark Joseph Stern, writing for Slate, critiques the Supreme Court's six-member conservative majority for consistently enabling Donald Trump's authoritarian ambitions. Stern argues that the Court's rulings often disregard constitutional norms, precedent, and laws, favoring Trump's consolidation of power. A recent example is the Court's decision allowing Trump to fire members of independent commissions, previously protected by law from removal except for specific causes like corruption or malfeasance. Stern suggests this pattern demonstrates the Court's alignment with Trump's political agenda, undermining democratic principles.

### Key Points

- The Supreme Court's conservative majority is accused of aiding Trump's authoritarian tendencies by ignoring constitutional norms and precedent. 

- A recent ruling granted Trump the power to dismiss members of independent commissions, weakening legal protections against arbitrary removal. 

- The article critiques the Court's self-proclaimed "originalist" and "textualist" stance, arguing it contradicts their actions favoring Trump. 

Big Education Ape: "I WAS JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS": DOES THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE THEORY SHIELD TRUMP'S HENCHMEN https://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2025/07/i-was-just-following-orders-does.html 

"I WAS JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS": DOES THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE THEORY SHIELD TRUMP'S HENCHMEN

### Key Points

- The article explores the legal implications of the "just following orders" defense, focusing on whether the Unitary Executive Theory can shield Trump administration officials from accountability. 

- The Unitary Executive Theory posits concentrated executive power in the president, potentially granting immunity to officials carrying out presidential orders. 

- Historical precedents, such as the Nuremberg Trials, reject the "just following orders" defense, emphasizing individual accountability for illegal actions. 

- Courts have traditionally been reluctant to extend immunity to lower-level officials acting on presidential orders, citing obligations to disobey unconstitutional or illegal directives. 

- The Supreme Court's recent trend of expanding executive power raises concerns about undermining accountability and constitutional checks. 

- Trump's administration faced numerous allegations of constitutional violations, including immigration policies and budgetary redirections. 

- Psychological studies reveal that while coercion may reduce the sense of agency, ethical obligations remain intact, reinforcing the need for accountability. 

Harvard Censorship Is a Dangerous Precedent – Cloaking Inequity https://cloakinginequity.com/2025/07/25/harvard-censorship-is-a-dangerous-precedent/ 

The article discusses the Harvard Educational Review's decision to cancel its special issue on education and Palestine, highlighting this as a troubling example of institutional censorship and an attack on academic freedom. The issue was thoroughly peer-reviewed and included critical scholarship on Palestinian education and history, yet was pulled due to political pressures and fear of backlash. The author reflects on their past experience publishing controversial work in HER and contrasts it with the current climate of censorship. The article emphasizes the importance of academic freedom, truth-telling, and standing against suppression, urging the academic community to resist such precedents.

### Key Points

- The cancellation of the special issue on education and Palestine by the Harvard Educational Review represents institutional censorship and undermines academic freedom. 

- The issue included rigorous, peer-reviewed articles documenting the destruction of Gaza’s education system and challenges in teaching Palestinian history and identity. 

- Legal and political pressures led to the cancellation, with claims of inadequate editorial review disputed by the editorial board. 

- The author reflects on their own experience publishing controversial work in HER, noting HER’s previous commitment to supporting critical scholarship. 

- The article calls on the academic community to resist censorship and uphold scholarly integrity, emphasizing the importance of confronting uncomfortable truths. 

Teacher Tom: Playishness v. Play https://teachertomsblog.blogspot.com/2025/07/playishness-v-play.html 

Teacher Tom critiques a book on STEM learning through play, highlighting the difference between genuine play and "playishness." He argues that true play is self-directed and fosters natural learning, whereas adult-directed activities disguised as play undermine children's autonomy and curiosity. He emphasizes the importance of preserving authentic play in early childhood education and introduces his Play-Based Learning Summer Camp to promote this approach.

### Key Points

- Teacher Tom discusses receiving books on teaching, critiquing one about STEM learning through play for promoting adult-directed activities under the guise of play. 

- He introduces the term "playishness" to describe activities that mimic play but are actually structured, adult-led instruction. 

- True play is self-selected and child-directed, fostering natural learning, including STEM skills, without adult interference. 

- He warns against the erosion of authentic play due to societal pressures for academic readiness and vocational training in preschool. 

- Teacher Tom advocates for preserving genuine play and promotes his Play-Based Learning Summer Camp as a resource for educators and caregivers. 

Education Research Report: First graders who use more educational media spend more time reading https://educationresearchreport.blogspot.com/2025/07/first-graders-who-use-more-educational.html

Education Research Report: First Graders and Educational Media

### Key Points

- First graders using more educational media spend more time reading and less time on overall screen use, indicating educational media does not replace reading. 

- The study, conducted by Ohio State University researchers, analyzed media usage patterns of 346 first graders through caregiver questionnaires. 

- Educational media accounted for a small but meaningful portion of children’s media use, with STEM topics being the most common. 

- PBS provided 45.2% of the educational TV and video content, offering free, high-quality public media access. 

- Girls tended to use more educational media than boys, possibly due to content preferences (relationship-focused vs. action-oriented). 

- Educational media does not crowd out reading time or significantly increase screen time, easing concerns of parents. 

- There is no ideal amount of educational media use; effectiveness depends on the child, home environment, and content diversity. 

- Researchers emphasize improving the quality of screen time by increasing access to diverse, high-quality educational content. 

Silence, Settlements, and School Starts https://norinrad10.com/2025/07/25/silence-settlements-and-school-starts/ via @norinrad10

Silence, Settlements, and School Starts

### Key Points

- Tennessee schools start early despite ongoing summer heat; the new school year begins with unresolved issues and controversies. 

- MNPS faces criticism for a $6.5 million legal settlement involving former administrators, with education advocate Sonya Thomas questioning transparency and accountability. 

- Concerns grow over MNPS leadership under Dr. Adrienne Battle, including silence on critical incidents like the Covenant School shooting and related lawsuits. 

- MNPS installs weapons detection systems in high schools but delays implementation in middle schools due to financial constraints. 

- Howard Jones sues MNPS for alleged retaliation after supporting sexual harassment victims; his demotion highlights leadership controversies. 

- Despite pending lawsuits, MNPS extended Dr. Battle’s contract and raised her salary, prompting scrutiny over board decisions. 

- Tennessee’s Education Innovation Advisory Committee debates flexible school schedules and testing reforms, with significant lobbying from pro-testing groups. 

- Kevin Schaaf proposes rational changes to TCAP testing, advocating shorter, adaptive tests and benchmarks for reading proficiency. 

CURMUDGUCATION: In Praise of Extruding AI https://curmudgucation.blogspot.com/2025/07/in-praise-of-extruding-ai.html 

In Praise of Extruding AI

### Key Points

- The book "The AI Con" by Emily Bender and Alex Hanna challenges the anthropomorphization of AI and critiques the misleading language used to describe AI capabilities. 

- The authors propose the term "extrude" to describe AI's synthetic production of word strings, emphasizing its mechanical nature rather than human-like intelligence. 

- Using precise and accurate language is essential to counter the dangers of misrepresentation and hype surrounding AI systems. 

- The post acknowledges the authors' contribution to the discourse and contrasts it with the limitations of generative AI in creating meaningful intellectual contributions. 

Colleen Conklin is Back—and Sounding the Alarm on Florida’s Voucher Grift – Accountabaloney https://accountabaloney.com/colleen-conklin-is-back-and-sounding-the-alarm-on-floridas-voucher-grift/ 

Colleen Conklin, a former Flagler County School Board member, critiques Florida's universal voucher program, emphasizing its lack of accountability, financial transparency, and its detrimental impact on public education and democracy. She argues that public schools are vital for equality and civic cohesion, while the voucher system benefits private institutions at the expense of public schools and taxpayers.

### Key Points

- Florida's universal voucher program drains public funds with little accountability and undermines public education, a cornerstone of democracy. 

- Public schools foster equality and civic cohesion, serving as "America's great equalizer." 

- The voucher program lacks financial transparency, with administrative costs and no auditing requirements for voucher schools. 

- Most voucher recipients were already in private schools or homeschooled, not transitioning from public schools. 

- In Flagler County, over 87% of voucher recipients never attended public schools, highlighting local financial strain. 

- Public schools follow strict accountability measures, unlike voucher schools, raising concerns about ROI and oversight. 

- Undermining public schools weakens democracy and civic unity, as they are spaces where diverse groups learn together. 

glen brown: Trump Epstein Obama https://teacherpoetmusicianglenbrown.blogspot.com/2025/07/trump-epstein-obama.html 

### Key Points

- The article reflects on the malevolent dispositions among Trump supporters, linking their antisocial traits to conservative ideology and support for Trump. 

- Researchers highlight the personality traits of Trump supporters, including a lack of empathy and enjoyment of others' suffering, as consistent with malevolent dispositions. 

- The Trump administration is accused of using racially charged distractions, such as targeting Barack Obama with treason accusations, to divert attention from Trump’s association with Jeffrey Epstein. 

- Studies show that sociocultural factors among minorities and women moderate the connection between authoritarian traits and conservative political behavior, leading to more liberal tendencies. 

- The article discusses Trump’s scorched-earth strategy to maintain his base's support, comparing his tactics to historical autocrats. 

- The media's role in amplifying or resisting these narratives is questioned, with concerns about truth and democracy being at stake. 

- The author emphasizes the ongoing political challenges and the importance of confronting Trump’s actions to preserve democracy. 

Seattle Schools Community Forum: Public Disclosure Commission - Who is Flush With M... https://saveseattleschools.blogspot.com/2025/07/public-disclosure-commission-who-is.html?spref=tw 

Seattle School Board Campaign Funding and Endorsements Analysis

### Key Points

- School board campaigns in Seattle are typically low-budget, but donations over $25K warrant attention due to their potential influence. 

- Low voter turnout for school board elections makes mobilization by influential groups or individuals critical for success. 

- District 2: Sarah Clark leads Kathleen Smith in funding ($10K vs. $900), with endorsements and donations from political figures and former directors. Smith holds The Stranger’s endorsement, which is significant in Seattle. 

- District 4: Joe Mizrahi has raised $40K, surpassing Laura Marie Rivera's $25K. Mizrahi boasts endorsements from prominent figures like Governor Bob Ferguson, while Rivera has support from the SEA and WEA PAC. 

- District 5: Vivian Song leads with $30K in funds and strong endorsements, while Janis White has $9K and notable backing from diverse groups like King County Young Dems and unions. 

- District 7: Carol Rava has $25K in contributions, including individual donations and endorsements from former directors, but lacks group endorsements. Jen LaVallee has a modest $5,400 with SEA and WEA PAC support. 

- A potential "slate" of candidates (Song, Clark, Mizrahi) appears to be forming, with mutual endorsements among them. 

- Endorsements play a critical role, with candidates receiving backing from unions, political figures, and advocacy groups, which often reflect broader political alignments. 

MAHA Moms: What Say You?  https://open.substack.com/pub/brucelesley/p/maha-moms-what-say-you?r=kja7f&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false 

The article criticizes the policies enacted under the "Making America Healthy Again" (MAHA) movement, arguing that while the movement claims to prioritize children's health, the current Administration’s actions have undermined essential systems supporting children’s health, nutrition, education, safety, and well-being. It highlights severe cuts to Medicaid, CHIP, SNAP, and other programs, as well as the rollback of environmental protections, mental health services, and child safety initiatives. The author calls for accountability and urges parents to demand better policies for children.

### Key Points  

- The Administration promotes symbolic initiatives, such as switching Coca-Cola to cane sugar, while enacting policies that harm children’s health and well-being.   

- Over 10 million people, including children, are losing health coverage due to $1 trillion in Medicaid and CHIP cuts.   

- Nearly $200 billion in SNAP cuts threaten nutrition assistance for millions of children, alongside reductions in school and summer meal programs.   

- Maternal and child health programs are being dismantled, and the NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD faces elimination.   

- Mental health supports, including suicide prevention hotlines for LGBTQ youth, are being slashed.   

- Billions are being cut from education, child care, and early childhood programs, including defunding PBS Kids and Head Start.   

- Environmental protections are rolled back, exposing children to harmful chemicals and pollutants.   

- The Child Tax Credit has been reduced, disadvantaging families and increasing economic insecurity.   

- Civil rights protections for children, including birthright citizenship, are under attack through executive orders.   

- Funding for programs combating child trafficking and abuse has been cut.   

- The Administration’s policies increase intergenerational harm, piling national debt onto future generations while defunding programs that serve them.   

- The MAHA movement, while claiming to protect children, is failing to deliver on its promises and is instead contributing to their harm.   

- The author calls on MAHA Moms and parents to demand better policies for children’s health, education, and safety. 

Please consider the following https://www.dailykos.com/story/2025/7/25/2335229/-Please-consider-the-following?pm_campaign=blog&pm_medium=rss&pm_source=teacherken 

The article discusses the examination of Jeffrey Epstein-related files by the FBI and DOJ, revealing no credible evidence of blackmail or grounds for investigations into uncharged individuals due to statutes of limitations. It raises questions about the language used in the DOJ statement, suggesting potential political implications or hidden information. The content also includes speculation about possible blackmail by others associated with Epstein and criticism of media and congressional responses. Additionally, it highlights the role of Daily Kos as an independent news outlet reliant on small donations.

### Key Points

- The FBI and DOJ found no credible evidence of Epstein blackmailing individuals or grounds for investigations due to expired statutes of limitations. 

- Questions arise about whether the DOJ statement uses careful language to obscure politically sensitive information. 

- Speculation about others, such as Ghislaine Maxwell, potentially engaging in blackmail without Epstein’s involvement. 

- Criticism of media and Congress for not pursuing deeper inquiries into the issue. 

- Daily Kos emphasizes its reliance on small donations to continue its work as a progressive news outlet. 

What happened to the Freedom Flotilla? A follow-up.  https://open.substack.com/pub/klonsky/p/what-happened-to-the-freedom-flotilla?r=kja7f&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web&showWelcomeOnShare=false 

### Key Points

- The Freedom Flotilla, including the vessel Madleen, was intercepted by the Israeli navy in international waters, resulting in the detention, abuse, and deportation of activists, including Greta Thunberg and French MP Rima Hassan. 

- Activists reported psychological abuse, strip searches, solitary confinement, and deliberate humiliation during their detention. A Spanish crew member has filed a war crimes complaint. 

- A second vessel, Handala, faced sabotage and attacks, including acid injuries and communications jamming, signaling Israel's intent to silence critics beyond its borders. 

- Spain’s National Court has launched a criminal investigation into Israeli officials, including Prime Minister Netanyahu, for alleged war crimes related to the blockade and attacks on humanitarian aid ships. 

- The Freedom Flotilla Coalition demands accountability through war crimes investigations, media coverage, and the ability to deliver aid without armed interference, emphasizing that silence equates to complicity. 

EXTRA: Trump Administration Will Release Remaining Dollars Held Back on July 1 from Public Schools https://janresseger.wordpress.com/2025/07/25/extra-trump-administration-will-release-remaining-dollars-held-back-on-july-1-from-public-schools/ via @janresseger 

### Key Points

- The Trump administration initially withheld $6.8 billion in federal education funding approved by Congress for U.S. public schools on July 1, causing significant challenges for districts preparing for the new school year. 

- On July 25, 2025, after public and Congressional outcry, the administration announced the release of $5 billion in funds, with distribution beginning the week of July 28 through K-12 education grant programs for migrant education, teacher training, English-learner services, and academic enrichment. 

- An earlier release of $1.4 billion was allocated to 21st Century Community Learning Center after-school programs. The withheld $715 million for adult basic education funding remains unaddressed. 

- The delayed funding caused significant stress for school districts attempting to meet legally mandated services for students ahead of the fall semester. 

- The situation highlights the influence of political pressure on policy decisions. 

Yesterday’s Gems, Today’s Insights

A Roundup of the Web’s Finest Blog Posts!
7-25-25

https://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2025/07/yesterdays-gems-todays-insights-roundup_0346872693.html

The article is a roundup of diverse topics, including education reform, political controversies, systemic inequality, and public policy. It highlights challenges in public education, misuse of funds, privatization efforts, AI integration in education, and advocacy for equity and justice.  

### Key Points  

- Trump’s 2025 tax proposal increased rates on large college endowments, exempting smaller conservative colleges while raising taxes on larger institutions like Harvard and MIT. Critics argued this reduced scholarship funding.   

- Neuralink falsely certified itself as a "Small Disadvantaged Business" to gain federal benefits despite Elon Musk’s wealth, raising legal and ethical concerns.   

- Nicholas A. Retana, a charter school director, was indicted for embezzling over $1.06 million in federal funds, highlighting accountability issues in charter schools.   

- A parent’s 30-year journey through public education emphasized systemic challenges like privatization, racial disparities, and budget cuts while advocating for public education’s democratic values.   

- Democrats need to refine their messaging strategy for the 2026 elections, focusing on relatable storytelling and universal values like healthcare, housing, and education.   

- Diane Ravitch transitioned from supporting conservative reforms to defending public education, advocating for equitable funding and opposing privatization.   

- Early academic training in preschools is harmful, contributing to anxiety and depression, while play-based learning yields better long-term outcomes.   

- AI integration in education has potential benefits but raises concerns about academic dishonesty and undermining genuine learning. Responsible use is essential.   

- Federal school funding cuts disproportionately impacted high-poverty districts, migrant families, and English learners, sparking lawsuits and protests.   

- Redirecting Title I funds to private school vouchers risks undermining public education and equity for low-income students.   

- Advocacy for Trump’s impeachment cited multiple felony crimes, including obstruction of justice and abuse of power.   

- TeacherKen, at 79, returned to teaching middle school, emphasizing creative methods to inspire economically disadvantaged students.   

- Research identified early warning signs of youth suicidal ideation, stressing the importance of school-based mental health programs.   

- Samuel Freedman’s reflection on "Up the Down Staircase" emphasized the resilience of teachers amid systemic challenges and critiques of teacher scapegoating.   

- Social justice topics like adjunct faculty struggles, environmental issues, and healthcare inequities were highlighted alongside historical anecdotes. 

"I WAS JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS": DOES THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE THEORY SHIELD TRUMP'S HENCHMEN

 

"I WAS JUST FOLLOWING ORDERS"
DOES THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE THEORY SHIELD TRUMP'S HENCHMEN

The age-old defense: "I was just following orders." It’s the legal equivalent of shrugging your shoulders and muttering, “Don’t blame me, I’m just the messenger.” While this excuse has been thoroughly roasted, rejected, and relegated to the annals of bad legal strategies—thank you, Nuremberg Trials—it seems to be enjoying a bit of a revival among certain members of the Trump administration. But here’s the million-dollar question: Can the Supreme Court’s embrace of the Unitary Executive Theory—a doctrine that essentially paints the president as a monarch with a really good PR team—extend its protective bubble to his loyal foot soldiers? And if so, what does that mean for accountability, constitutional law, and the future of avoiding responsibility with a straight face?

The Unitary Executive Theory: A Presidential Hall Pass?

Let’s start with the basics. The Unitary Executive Theory argues that all executive power is concentrated in the president. In its most extreme interpretation, it means that the president can do pretty much anything within the executive branch without interference from Congress or pesky laws. Think of it as a “Get Out of Jail Free” card for executive overreach.

Under this framework, Trump and his administration pushed boundaries like a teenager testing curfew limits. From controversial immigration policies to alleged violations of congressional spending powers, the administration seemed to operate under the assumption that if the president said it’s okay, it must be okay. And if you're an ICE agent, DOJ official, or HHS bureaucrat carrying out these orders, well, you might think you’ve got a nifty legal shield courtesy of your boss’s interpretation of constitutional authority.

But here’s where things get sticky. The Supreme Court has yet to definitively rule on whether the Unitary Executive Theory can absolve not just the president but also his underlings from legal consequences. It’s one thing to argue that the president is immune from certain lawsuits while in office (a claim that’s already controversial). It’s another thing entirely to suggest that immunity trickles down like some sort of authoritarian rainstorm, soaking everyone from cabinet secretaries to intern-level staffers.

"Just Following Orders": A Defense That History Already Dunked On

Let’s take a quick detour to Nuremberg, where some of history’s most infamous war criminals tried—and failed—to use the “just following orders” defense. Adolf Eichmann and his colleagues argued that they weren’t personally responsible for atrocities because they were simply obeying commands from higher-ups. The judges weren’t buying it. They ruled that individuals have a moral and legal duty to disobey illegal orders, especially when those orders involve crimes against humanity.

Fast forward to today, and the precedent set by Nuremberg still looms large. Whether you’re a soldier on the battlefield or a government official in Washington, “I was just following orders” doesn’t cut it when those orders violate the law. As noted in military law and international human rights doctrine, there’s an obligation to disobey illegal commands—even if doing so might make your boss very, very angry.

Trump’s Henchmen: Legal Accountability or Executive Immunity?

Now let’s apply this principle to Trump’s administration. Imagine you’re an ICE agent tasked with enforcing policies that contradict existing immigration laws passed by Congress. Or perhaps you’re a DOJ official who helps craft legal arguments to justify withholding funds Congress explicitly allocated for specific purposes. Do you get to claim immunity because you were “just following orders,” or does your personal accountability kick in like an unwelcome alarm clock?

The answer depends on how far courts are willing to stretch executive immunity. Historically, courts have been reluctant to extend blanket immunity to lower-level officials simply because they were acting on presidential orders. After all, if every government employee could dodge accountability by pointing up the chain of command, we’d be living in a bureaucratic Wild West where laws are more like suggestions.

Take the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), for example. U.S. service members are required to disobey patently illegal orders—a principle rooted in both constitutional law and ethical conduct. This isn’t just theoretical; it’s been drilled into military training since Nuremberg. The same logic applies to civilian government officials: If an order violates the Constitution or federal law, you don’t get a free pass for carrying it out.

The Supreme Court: Will They Remember Nuremberg?

Here’s where things get interesting—and potentially terrifying. The Supreme Court has increasingly leaned toward expanding executive power in recent years, with decisions that bolster presidential authority at the expense of congressional oversight. If this trend continues, could we see a ruling that essentially says, “As long as you’re following presidential orders, you’re untouchable”? Let’s hope not.

Justice demands accountability, even when it’s inconvenient for those in power. The Nuremberg Trials didn’t just reject the “following orders” defense; they established a precedent that individuals are responsible for their actions, no matter who told them to act. If the Supreme Court were to ignore this legacy in favor of shielding government officials under an expanded Unitary Executive Theory, it would undermine decades of progress in holding leaders—and their subordinates—accountable.

Constitutional Violations: A Greatest Hits Album

Let’s not forget that many of Trump’s policies raised serious constitutional red flags. From alleged First Amendment infringements (hello, attacks on journalists) to ignoring Congress’s budgetary authority (remember when funds were redirected for border wall construction?), there was no shortage of legal controversy during his administration. And while Trump himself might argue that his actions were protected under executive privilege or immunity, what about everyone else involved?

If ICE agents carried out unconstitutional immigration raids or HHS officials implemented policies that violated federal laws, can they really hide behind the president’s coattails? The Constitution doesn’t work that way—or at least it shouldn’t. Accountability isn’t supposed to stop at the Oval Office door.

Lessons from History—and Psychology

Let’s end with a quick nod to psychology because, let’s face it, understanding human behavior helps us grasp why people follow orders—even bad ones. Stanley Milgram’s famous experiments on obedience showed that people are surprisingly willing to carry out harmful actions when instructed by authority figures. But here’s the kicker: Feeling coerced doesn’t absolve responsibility. New research suggests that while coercion dampens people’s sense of agency, it doesn’t erase their ethical obligations.

In other words: Sure, you might feel less responsible when you’re “just following orders,” but that doesn’t mean you aren’t responsible.

Final Thoughts: Accountability Matters

At its core, this debate isn’t just about Trump or his administration—it’s about whether we value accountability as a cornerstone of democracy. If courts start handing out immunity like participation trophies to government officials who violate laws under presidential orders, we risk eroding the very principles that make our system work.

So let’s hope the Supreme Court remembers Nuremberg and rejects any attempt to expand executive immunity into a catch-all excuse for bad behavior. Because at the end of the day, “I was just following orders” should stay where it belongs: in history books as a cautionary tale—not as a viable defense in modern America.

How the Nazi’s defense of ‘just following orders’ plays out in the mind | PBS News https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/how-the-nazis-defense-of-just-following-orders-plays-out-in-the-mind 

Obeying Orders | Facing History & Ourselves https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/obeying-orders 

tal 2020 issue 6 | The Army Lawyer | Periodicals | TJAGLCS https://tjaglcs.army.mil/Periodicals/The-Army-Lawyer/tal-2020-issue-6/Post/5691/Practice-Notes-Training-the-Defense-of-Superior-Orders 

Fact Sheet: “Following Orders” Is No Defense to War Crimes: The Duty to Disobey Illegal Military Orders - Human Rights First https://humanrightsfirst.org/library/fact-sheet-following-orders-is-no-defense-to-war-crimes-the-duty-to-disobey-illegal-military-orders/

Yesterday’s Gems, Today’s Insights A Roundup of the Web’s Finest Blog Posts! 7-25-25

 

Yesterday’s Gems, Today’s Insights

A Roundup of the Web’s Finest Blog Posts!
7-24-25

Trump's "One Big Ugly Budget Bill" Increases Taxes on Some Colleges, Eliminates It on Others https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/24/trumps-one-ugly-budget-bill-ups-taxes-on-some-colleges-reduces-it-on-others/ via @dianeravitch 

Trump's "One Big Ugly Budget Bill" significantly altered the taxation of college endowments. Initially, a 1.4% tax was imposed on large endowments in 2017, but the 2025 proposal increased rates to as high as 21%. The final version exempted smaller colleges with fewer than 3,000 students, including conservative Hillsdale College, while raising taxes on larger institutions like Harvard and MIT. The exemption sparked controversy, as critics argued the tax punishes students by reducing funds for scholarships. Ultimately, the Senate scaled back the rate hikes, setting a maximum of 8%, but the debate highlighted political motivations behind targeting certain schools.

### Key Points

- Trump’s 2017 tax imposed a 1.4% excise tax on large college endowments, reducing funds for scholarships and operating expenses. 

- The 2025 proposal raised the tax rate to up to 21%, but smaller colleges with fewer than 3,000 students were exempted, benefiting conservative Hillsdale College and others. 

- Larger universities like Harvard, MIT, and Yale faced increased rates, with some taxed up to 8%, while smaller liberal arts colleges gained tax relief. 

- Senate Parliamentarian ruled against exemptions for religious schools and those not taking federal aid, leading to a compromise on the 3,000-student threshold. 

- Critics argued the tax punishes students by reducing scholarship funding, while policymakers warned exempt schools may face future tax hikes. 

Judd Legum: Elon Musk Company Sought Federal Designation as "Disadvantaged" https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/24/judd-legum-musk-company-applied-for-federal-grant-as-economically-disadvantaged/ via @dianeravitch 

Judd Legum’s blog highlights Neuralink, Elon Musk’s neurotechnology company, falsely claiming the federal “Small Disadvantaged Business” (SDB) designation, intended for businesses owned by economically and socially disadvantaged individuals. Despite Musk’s immense wealth and lack of eligibility, Neuralink self-certified as an SDB in federal filings to gain preferential access to government contracts. The article also notes Musk’s contradictory stance on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs, which he has publicly criticized while Neuralink attempted to benefit from related federal initiatives. Legal risks of false certification are discussed, as similar cases have led to prosecutions and penalties.

### Key Points

- Neuralink falsely certified itself as a "Small Disadvantaged Business" to gain federal benefits, despite Elon Musk’s wealth and ineligibility. 

- Federal regulations require SDBs to be majority-owned by economically and socially disadvantaged individuals, which Musk does not qualify for. 

- Neuralink’s filings on federal databases have claimed SDB status since 2017, potentially to access grants and contracts. 

- Legal consequences for false certifications are significant, with past cases resulting in fines and imprisonment. 

- Musk has criticized DEI programs publicly, despite Neuralink’s attempts to benefit from related federal initiatives. 

Charter School Director Indicted for Fraud and Embezzlement https://dianeravitch.net/2025/07/24/charter-school-director-arrested-for-fraud-and-embezzlement/ via @dianeravitch 

The article discusses the indictment of Nicholas A. Retana, the former director and founder of a California charter school, for fraud and embezzlement. Retana allegedly misused over $1.06 million in federal funds for personal expenses, including buying trucks for his sons and paying a self-proclaimed relationship coach with whom he had a personal connection. The case highlights the lack of accountability in charter school funding and governance.

### Key Points

- Nicholas A. Retana, a former charter school director, was indicted for embezzling over $1.06 million in federal funds. 

- Retana used school funds for personal expenses, such as purchasing Ford F-150 trucks for his sons and paying a relationship coach with no relevant licensure. 

- The audit revealed corruption and misrepresentation of expenses in school records. 

- Retana faces up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine if convicted. 

Big Education Ape: A PARENT'S 30-YEAR ODYSSEY IN AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION https://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2025/07/a-parents-30-year-odyssey-in-american.html 

A parent's 30-year journey through the American public education system highlights the challenges and transformations within public schools, emphasizing the impact of policies like No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and Common Core. The narrative critiques the privatization of education, budget cuts, and racial disparities while advocating for the preservation of public education's democratic values.

### Key Points

- A parent's reflections on choosing public education for its diversity and authenticity over private and charter schools. 

- The influence of No Child Left Behind and Common Core standards, leading to frustrations with modern teaching methods and systemic changes. 

- Participation in site councils revealed deep issues like budget cuts, loss of electives, and the erosion of joyful educational programs. 

- Privatization efforts, fueled by billionaire-backed policies, undermined public schools and exacerbated racial inequalities. 

- Advocacy for public education as a vital democratic institution, despite its imperfections, and a call to action for parents and teachers to continue fighting for its future. 

Big Education Ape: PUTTING YOUR BEST HOOF (OR FOOT) FORWARD: WHY DEMOCRATS NEED TO WIN THE MESSAGING WAR IN 2026 https://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2025/07/putting-your-best-hoof-or-foot-forward.html

### Key Points

- Democrats need to refine their messaging strategy for the 2026 elections, focusing on universal values like health care, affordable housing, education, economic justice, and fairness under the law. 

- Diversity, equity, and inclusion remain important but should be framed as part of a broader narrative addressing bread-and-butter issues that resonate with voters. 

- Democrats should reclaim the narrative on economic issues, emphasizing policies that support working families, such as raising the minimum wage, expanding workers’ rights, and creating renewable energy jobs. 

- Simplified and emotionally resonant messaging is essential to compete with the GOP’s effective soundbite-driven strategy. 

- The Democratic Party must unapologetically champion justice reforms, including expanding the Supreme Court to restore balance in the judicial system. 

- Winning elections is not just about policy but about making voters feel that their lives can genuinely improve under Democratic leadership. 

The Book That Got Teaching Right (Samuel Freedman) https://larrycuban.wordpress.com/2025/07/24/the-book-that-got-teaching-right-samuel-freedman-2/ via @CubanLarry 

The Book That Got Teaching Right (Samuel Freedman)

### Key Points

- Samuel Freedman reflects on Bel Kaufman's novel "Up the Down Staircase," which portrays the challenges and triumphs of a New York City high school teacher, Sylvia Barrett. 

- The novel, written in an innovative style using memos, notes, and circulars, captures the struggles of teaching in underfunded and overcrowded schools while addressing issues like student dropouts, societal pressures, and personal conflicts. 

- Kaufman’s work highlights the shifting dynamics of public education during the mid-20th century, including integration, immigration, and urban changes, while showcasing the resilience of teachers amid systemic challenges. 

- The book critiques the growing trend of teacher scapegoating in education reform, which has persisted through decades, with teachers often portrayed as obstacles rather than contributors to educational progress. 

- Freedman advocates for the enduring relevance of "Up the Down Staircase" as an empathetic and truthful account of the teaching profession, urging modern audiences to rediscover its lessons. 

What Do the July 1 Federal School Funding Cuts Mean for Students, Communities, and the Constitution? https://janresseger.wordpress.com/2025/07/24/what-do-the-july-1-federal-school-funding-cuts-mean-for-students-communities-and-the-constitution/ via @janresseger 

### Key Points

- The Trump administration withheld nearly $7 billion in federal education funding on July 1, citing concerns about diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programming and potential violations of civil rights laws. 

- $1.4 billion was restored for after-school and summer learning programs but with strict conditions to avoid discrimination violations. 

- Programs supporting migrant families, English learners, teacher development, and adult education were among those affected by the remaining $5.4 billion cuts. 

- High-poverty districts, schools with large populations of English learners, and majority-student-of-color districts are disproportionately impacted. 

- A coalition of 24 states and the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit against the Trump administration, arguing the withholding of funds was illegal. 

- Congress members, including Republicans, protested the funding cuts, stating they contradict the administration's goal of returning education control to states. 

- The administration's actions are an example of illegal impoundment, bypassing Congress's authority over federal spending. 

- The administration has not submitted a formal rescissions package to Congress for the withheld education funds, leaving the situation unresolved. 

Back in the saddle again https://www.dailykos.com/story/2025/7/24/2334928/-Back-in-the-saddle-again?pm_campaign=blog&pm_medium=rss&pm_source=teacherken 

The article recounts the experiences of a 79-year-old teacher, "TeacherKen," who is returning to teaching after a year-long hiatus due to relocation. He shares his excitement about teaching middle school students at the Academy for the Middle Years Northwest (AMY NW) in Philadelphia. The article highlights his preparations, challenges with outdated textbooks, and his passion for inspiring young minds despite his age. It also includes comments from readers supporting his decision, offering ideas for teaching, and expressing admiration for his dedication.

### Key Points

- TeacherKen, at 79, returns to teaching after relocating to Pennsylvania, taking a position as the sole Social Studies teacher at AMY NW, a small magnet middle school in Philadelphia. 

- He will teach sixth, seventh, and eighth grades with a focus on Eastern Hemisphere studies, U.S. History, and World History, using creative methods due to outdated textbooks. 

- The student body is economically disadvantaged, with all students qualifying for free and reduced meals. TeacherKen aims to inspire them and address cultural, racial, and economic issues within the curriculum. 

- Readers admire his decision, offer teaching suggestions, and encourage hands-on activities like plays, historical reenactments, and crafting projects to engage students. 

- TeacherKen sacrifices community roles to focus on teaching but emphasizes the importance of staying active and contributing to society, which he believes keeps him energized and young at heart. 

Teacher Tom: Academic Preschool Harms Children https://teachertomsblog.blogspot.com/2025/07/academic-preschool-harms-children.html 

Academic Preschool Harms Children

### Key Points

- Early academic training in preschools, such as literacy and math drills, is harmful to children and not developmentally appropriate. 

- These practices contribute to childhood anxiety and depression, while proponents argue they offer short-term academic benefits for disadvantaged children. 

- Research, including the Perry Preschool Project and Tennessee Pre-K program, shows that short-term academic advantages fade quickly, and children in academic-based programs often perform worse long-term. 

- Play-based preschool programs yield better long-term outcomes, including improved social-emotional skills, higher graduation rates, and fewer behavioral issues. 

- Teacher Tom's Play-Based Learning Summer Camp aims to empower educators and parents to advocate for play-based learning over academic preschools. 

Revisiting Deceitful Claims about School Funding and Outcomes (a thread) – School Finance 101 https://schoolfinance101.com/2025/07/24/revisiting-deceitful-claims-about-school-funding-and-outcomes-a-thread/ 

### Key Points

- The article criticizes the "cottage industry" that perpetuates the false claim that school funding does not impact educational outcomes, specifically targeting misleading analyses like "long-term trend" and "clouds of doubt" graphs. 

- The author highlights that these analyses are intentionally deceptive and have been debunked multiple times but continue to influence policymakers. 

- Links to rigorous analyses and resources are provided to counter these flawed arguments, including reports, books, and papers on the relationship between school funding and outcomes. 

- The author, Bruce D. Baker, is a professor at Rutgers University with extensive expertise in school finance policy, and he has contributed significantly to research on educational equity and funding. 

- Baker has also consulted for state legislatures and testified in school finance litigation, emphasizing his authority in this field. 

When Saying Yes Was a Mistake: Finding Your Way Back – Cloaking Inequity https://cloakinginequity.com/2025/07/24/dont-take-the-wrong-job-when-returning-to-joy-is-the-best-move-you-can-make/ 

When Saying Yes Was a Mistake: Finding Your Way Back

### Key Points

- The article discusses the risks of accepting jobs that seem ideal on paper but misalign with personal values, leading to dissatisfaction and burnout. 

- Reflecting on timing and alignment is crucial when considering career opportunities, as rushing into roles can lead to regret. 

- The story of Scott Frost, a football coach, illustrates how taking a prestigious but misaligned job can result in professional and personal struggles. 

- Frost’s decision to step back, reconnect with his values, and prioritize joy over prestige serves as a lesson in career resilience and self-awareness. 

- The article emphasizes choosing roles that align with personal purpose and values, even if they appear less prestigious, to protect well-being and peace. 

glen brown: Captain Benjamin L. Salomon https://teacherpoetmusicianglenbrown.blogspot.com/2025/07/captain-benjamin-l-salomon.html 

The article is a compilation of diverse topics, reflections, and events, blending historical anecdotes, social justice issues, personal musings, and contemporary political commentary. It highlights the heroism of Captain Benjamin L. Salomon during WWII, critiques societal and political challenges, and discusses themes like pensions, education reform, racism, and environmental concerns. The content also includes literary quotes, personal reflections, and various blog posts addressing current affairs and historical moments.

### Key Points

- Captain Benjamin L. Salomon's extraordinary heroism in WWII, detailing his actions during the Battle of Saipan. 

- Reflections on the role of a writer, emphasizing resistance to oppression and isolation as noble pursuits. 

- Criticism of political figures and policies, including Trump and the Supreme Court's decisions, alongside broader concerns about democracy and justice. 

- Social justice topics like adjunct faculty struggles, public pensions, environmental issues, and healthcare inequities. 

- Personal and historical anecdotes, such as the loss of a card catalog symbolizing life's work and moments of inspiration from the Declaration of Independence. 

- Miscellaneous themes like poetry, animal injustice, humor, and cultural reflections (e.g., Beatles, baseball). 

Larry Cuban on School Reform and Classroom Practice: A Teacher Tries AI With Student Writing | National Education Policy Center https://nepc.colorado.edu/blog/teacher-tries-ai 

### Key Points

- Seventh-grade ELA teacher Katie Durkin shares her experience using SchoolAI, an educational chatbot, to provide writing feedback to students while maintaining traditional writing conferences. 

- Durkin emphasizes the importance of human feedback in writing, trials SchoolAI with a small group of students first, and ensures AI is not used for final grades. 

- SchoolAI's Education Coach feature offers specific feedback on realistic fiction stories, helping students improve character development, dialogue, and grammar without giving polished text examples. 

- The Essay Grading Assistant feature evaluates edited stories based on a rubric, providing detailed grammar feedback and enabling Durkin to plan follow-up conferences. 

- Durkin believes AI can positively transform education if used responsibly, ensuring it complements rather than replaces personal teacher-student interactions.

Education Research Report: Youth at risk of suicide show early warning signs that adults often miss https://educationresearchreport.blogspot.com/2025/07/youth-at-risk-of-suicide-show-early.html 

### Key Points

- A 25-year study by McGill University researchers identified two patterns of suicidal thoughts in youth and highlighted early warning signs often missed by adults. 

- Suicidal ideation starts in two distinct phases: early adolescence (ages 12-13) and young adulthood (ages 20-25). 

- Early-onset suicidal thoughts were linked to childhood mental health struggles, including disruptive behavior (external symptoms) and depression/anxiety (internal symptoms). 

- Parents and teachers often recognized external symptoms but overlooked internal emotional distress. 

- Young adult-onset suicidal thoughts were mainly preceded by internal symptoms starting in teenage years. 

- Early interventions and age-appropriate mental health programs in schools can effectively prevent suicidal thoughts. 

- Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in Canada, emphasizing the importance of early prevention. 

Step Up’s Plan B: Redirect Title I, Privatize Public Education – Accountabaloney https://accountabaloney.com/step-ups-plan-b-redirect-title-i-privatize-public-education/ 

Florida’s education system is at the center of a debate over federal Title I funding, which supports public schools serving low-income students. A nonprofit, Step Up For Students, is advocating for redirecting these funds toward private school vouchers, citing barriers such as affordability and accessibility in the current voucher system. Their report, “Going With Plan B,” outlines policy recommendations to expand private education options, including repurposing public school facilities and increasing voucher amounts for low-income families. Critics warn that such moves could undermine public education by diverting resources from schools that serve the majority of vulnerable students.

### Key Points

- Title I funding supports public schools with high percentages of low-income students, providing essential resources like staff, training, and materials. 

- Step Up For Students reported that many families awarded vouchers couldn’t use them due to private school costs, transportation issues, or satisfaction with public schools. 

- Proposed policies include allowing private schools to use public school facilities, easing zoning regulations, and publicly funding private school transportation. 

- Step Up advocates raising voucher amounts for low-income families, arguing it will increase private school access and supply. 

- The group sees a potential opportunity to redirect Title I funds into block grants for vouchers, aligning with the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025. 

- Critics argue that converting Title I funds into block grants risks reducing accountability, equity, and transparency, ultimately harming public schools. 

- Redirecting federal funds to private schools could jeopardize public education for low-income students, creating an unregulated private system. 

Schools Matter: Call to Action on Impeachment http://www.schoolsmatter.info/2025/07/call-to-action-on-impeachment.html 

https://actionnetwork.org/letters/tell-congress-impeach-trump

### Key Points

- The Progressive Party advocates for the impeachment of Donald Trump, citing at least 10 impeachable offenses and multiple felony crimes. 

- Accusations against Trump include obstruction of justice, violations of the foreign and domestic emoluments clauses, abuse of power, undermining the judiciary, and suppressing press freedom. 

- Article I of the impeachment resolution focuses on obstruction of justice, alleging Trump impeded investigations into Russian interference in the 2016 election. 

- The Progressive Party Action Network provides tools for organizing progressive causes but does not endorse unlawful activities. 

- The platform offers various features like petitions, events, surveys, and fundraising tools, along with partnerships for organizations. 

Volunteer Opportunities, Events, and Petitions Near Me · AFT on Mobilize

https://www.mobilize.us/aft/?org_ids=7229 

Yesterday’s Gems, Today’s Insights

A Roundup of the Web’s Finest Blog Posts!
7-24-25

https://bigeducationape.blogspot.com/2025/07/yesterdays-gems-todays-insights-roundup_01044760118.html 

### Summary  

This article compiles various blog posts and articles addressing topics such as education reform, political controversies, systemic inequality, and public policy. Key themes include the challenges in public education, the rise of authoritarianism, misuse of funds in charter schools, and the importance of parental involvement in student learning. It also highlights advocacy efforts for equity, transparency, and justice in education and politics.  

### Key Points  

- A teacher experimented with AI tools in student writing, reflecting on its potential and challenges.   

- The director of a California charter school was indicted for fraud and embezzlement, raising accountability concerns for charter schools.   

- Heather Cox Richardson analyzed Trump’s declining approval ratings, citing public opposition to his immigration policies, tariff strategies, and handling of the Epstein files.   

- Arnold and Carol Hillman worked in South Carolina to improve rural education but faced systemic issues like racism, resource shortages, and poor infrastructure. They launched mentoring programs and co-founded advocacy organizations.   

- Parental involvement, rather than teacher evaluations or economic status, is the most critical factor in student learning, with activities like storytelling and reading having the greatest impact.   

- A parent’s 30-year journey through public education emphasized the challenges of privatization, budget cuts, and systemic racial disparities while advocating for public education’s democratic values.   

- Democrats are refining their messaging strategies for the 2026 elections by focusing on relatable storytelling and universal values like healthcare, housing, and education.   

- Diane Ravitch transitioned from supporting conservative reforms to defending public education, advocating for equitable funding and opposing privatization.   

- Charter schools like IDEA faced scrutiny for financial misuse, cohort shrinkage, and prioritizing business decisions over student welfare.   

- Betrayal in leadership often arises subtly, with leaders encouraged to recognize patterns and protect their teams.   

- Play-based learning emphasizes curiosity-driven education, modeling values through interaction rather than traditional teaching methods.   

- Chicago’s gun violence issues highlight systemic neglect in underserved areas, challenging political narratives about crime reduction.   

- Ohio’s EdChoice voucher program was ruled unconstitutional for diverting public funds to private religious schools, exacerbating inequities in education funding.   

- Metro Nashville Public Schools settled a discrimination lawsuit for $6.5 million, raising concerns about systemic issues and misuse of legal budgets.   

- Far-right extremism in the U.S. is normalizing authoritarianism and targeting education to suppress critical thinking.   

- AI integration in education raises concerns about academic dishonesty and undermining genuine learning.