Latest News and Comment from Education
-
Understanding Education: Corporal Punishment - 15 states have laws that allow corporal punishment in schools. Here’s where, and why, Katie Mills (NPR, 19 August 2026) Recommended Summary Physical punish...2 hours ago
-
The Trump Administration's Contaminated Food Supplies - In March 2025, shortly after his return to power, Donald Trump’s administration postponed the compliance deadline for the FDA’s Food Traceability Rule b...3 hours ago
-
AI Is Latest Tool for Achieving Full School Privatization (Corporate Welfare Schools) - A New Vision to privatize public education has taken root in NYC. It's based on data and is the plan for our future. by Future Schools Collective What we...3 hours ago
-
ICYMI: Busted Modem Edition (8/23) - It has been a real experience for most of this week, with the home internet appearing and disappearing in 5-10 minute intervals.5 hours ago
-
ICYMI: Busted Modem Edition (8/23) - It has been a real experience for most of this week, with the home internet appearing and disappearing in 5-10 minute intervals. I am waiting patiently f...6 hours ago
-
LOOKING BACK: THE WEEK IN REVIEW 8-16-26 TO 8-22-26 - *LOOKING BACK: THE WEEK IN REVIEW**8-16-26 TO 8-22-26* *"REMEMBER IN NOVEMBER"* *Overview & Analysis: Big Education Ape* *BIG EDUCATION APE* (*bigeduc...9 hours ago
-
Monday in Memphis: Parents to Speak Out on Lawsuit Against State Takeover of Schools - From a press release distributed by education advocacy group Memphis Lift: Dozens of parents and community members will attend the Shelby County Board of C...18 hours ago
-
-
We Love Billionaires! - As a middle school teacher, I spent a fair amount of time talking with kids—mostly 8th graders, going into high school—about what you might call their life...20 hours ago
-
TODAY'S TOP NEWS - YESTERDAY'S BEST BLOG POSTS AUGUST 22 2026 - TODAY’S TOP NEWS - YESTERDAY’S BEST BLOG POSTS23 hours ago
-
‘I tell you the truth, even when it’s hard’: Gentner Drummond makes final push in GOP runoff - [image: Gentner Drummond for governor runoff](Editor’s note: This is the first of two profile stories about the 2026 Republican runoff candidates for Okl...1 day ago
-
What can the Brits teach Democrats about the ultra-left? Not much. - Centrist Dems claim that socialists and progressives can’t win in November.1 day ago
-
What Is the Far Left ? - What is the Far Left ? The growing visibility of Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) and victories by some DSA-backed candidates has triggered an upsu...1 day ago
-
Letter to the members on the Panel on Educational Policy on how they could exercise more rigorous oversight on contracts, privacy and class size - Here is a copy of the letter I sent on August 19 to the members of the Panel for Educational Policy, including the new members recently appointed by Mayo...1 day ago
-
SPI Welcomes Salinas Students Back to Campus - California State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond welcomes Salinas students back to campus and celebrates community schools.1 day ago
-
Isolation drives lasting impact of cyberbullying on teens - Teenagers who are subjected to online bullying are at greater risk of later emotional and behavioural difficulties, research suggests. Young people who ...1 day ago
-
Curmudgucation: Cashing in on Federal Vouchers - Curmudgucation: Cashing in on Federal Vouchers The federal voucher program birthed by the Big Beautiful Boondoggle Bill aims to spread a lot of money arou...1 day ago
-
Second Big Story - Write to the Board and the Superintendent - Story One for this post is this: *TikTok and Instagram danger for girls by other * *students using Meta RayBans. * Not to mention filming teachers in clas...2 days ago
-
Randi’s Weekly Report: ‘Shop Retailers Other Than Target This Back-to-School Season’ - In this week’s video, I talk about why we’re encouraging people to skip Target for back-to-school shopping, and lift up the latest news from our union—like...2 days ago
-
Under the Lights, the Truth Is Harder to Hide - “The problem is that progress stopped making sense. More and more of us looked up one day and realized that the emperor had no clothes.” ― Anna Lowenhaupt ...2 days ago
-
Florida: Voters Oust Key Right-Wing School Board - If there was one school board in Florida that was the beachhead for Moms for Liberty’s efforts to push their agenda of censorship and right-wing ideology, ...2 days ago
-
Motivated By Belonging and Doing - Not long ago, one of our toilets stopped flushing: the chain that connects the tank lever to the flapper had broken. I cycled to the hardware store and ...2 days ago
-
An Ivy League President Liked My DEI Post. Then All Hell Broke Loose? - Yesterday, I did not expect my blog to generate a front-page story in The Chronicle of Higher Education, much less one involving an Ivy League president. B...2 days ago
-
-
SQ 844: How is this better? - In plain terms, the new language gives the Legislature the authority to establish both the amount and methodology for distributing ad valorem reimbursement...3 days ago
-
A Wake-up Call for the Country - As a nation we can do so much better for young children and families.3 days ago
-
Tennessee Has a $1.2 Billion Budget Surplus - Every Penny Should Be Invested in Public Schools - More than a decade of neglect by state’s GOP leadership has left Tennessee last in the nation in investment in schools - it’s time to change that3 days ago
-
Everybody Should Be Somebody’s Baby: How Americans Fail Early Learners - For many pregnant women in America, prenatal care is not accessible or affordable. ~Hillary Rodham Clinton, It Takes a Village (p.75) Helping children be...4 days ago
-
Data Centers are a Public Education Issue - The opposition to data centers is scrambling education politics4 days ago
-
-
California’s Kid-Critical Ballot Propositions (2026) - Proposition 3 and Proposition 43: Votes that affect government’s ability to work for kids One of a series examining the… The post California’s Kid-Criti...4 days ago
-
Episode #159: Educational Apartheid with Eve Ewing - Episode #159: Educational Apartheid with Eve Ewing5 days ago
-
Fraught Trump Era Will Intensify Challenge for Teachers to Protect Students’ Rights and Serve Their Needs - It is the third week in August, when across the United States, the 2026-2027 school year will soon begin. Constitutional law professor Derek W. Black expla...5 days ago
-
Teaching in Charter Schools (Part 2) - I also observed a math classroom at another Summit charter school. Here is what I recorded in my notes. The Precalculus class began at 10:40 and ended at 1...5 days ago
-
Parental Rights Bills Forgot Children Have Rights, Too - And if parental rights are fundamental, they should not stop being fundamental the moment other parents disagree with the parental rights movement leaders.5 days ago
-
-
It's Never the Plagiarism, But Who Is Plagiarizing - “Do as I say, not as I do.” My father's parenting philosophy during the 1960s.6 days ago
-
Read This If You Want to Learn to Read - I want you to experience how a skilled teacher makes certain that her first graders learn to read. Imagine that you’re sitting in the back of a classroom...6 days ago
-
-
What’s the Pattern? - The Pattern. Is it the thing that holds our raises down? Yup. What precisely is it? Activists and advocates know it is a problem. That’s good. They are rig...1 week ago
-
I Wrote Nearly 100 NY Times Posts On Teaching ELLs – Here Are Links To All Of Them - For several years, I regularly wrote posts for The NY Times Learning Network on teaching English Language Learners. You can see all of them at ALL MY NY ...1 week ago
-
The end of a run. - I have decided to end my substack column after more than 25 years of blogging about schools, teaching, art and politics.1 week ago
-
1096 is now 1008 - Retirees Rally (Again) on Healthcare - Who was there, UFT/Unity MIA - I posted about this event just as I was leaving to attend Thursday morning: NYC Retirees Press Release - Legislation Introduction with Council Member Chr...1 week ago
-
-
Facebook Billionaires Walkout on Impoverished Students - By Thomas Ultican 8/11/2026 The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (CZI) withdrew support for The Primary School (TPS) a private school in East Palo Alto that they...1 week ago
-
How A.I. Learned that Some Cognitive Science Views of the Reading Process are Wrong and Federal and State SoR Laws are Existential - A Refutation of Mark Seidenberg’s Language at the Speed of Sight and Emily Hanford’s Sold a Story1 week ago
-
Despite their rhetoric, Private Schools aren't dramatically boosting teacher salaries with their unconstitutional, taxpayer funded windfall - Teachers in Columbus Diocese reaping less than 5% of the $66.5 million increase in EdChoice tuition subsidies for Franklin County school districts between ...1 week ago
-
Time to change our Nation’s Diaper - It’s time to change our nation’s diaper. Our national identity now reeks due to our inability to clean out the mess caused by the Orange Turd. Corruption i...1 week ago
-
And Suddenly, There’s a Math Book (You Already Know) - Note: This is a reminder that, if you became a paid subscriber to this blog, you’ll get a signed copy of You Already Know from ... Read More The post An...1 week ago
-
And Suddenly, There’s a Math Book (You Already Know) - Note: This is a reminder that, if you became a paid subscriber to this blog, you’ll get a signed copy of You Already Know from ... Read More The post An...1 week ago
-
Controversy Over Bluebonnet Curriculum in Montezuma-Cortez Schools & a Texas Teacher Explains Concerns Over the Curriculum - The Montezuma-Cortez School Board has chosen to implement the controversial Texas-based Bluebonnet curriculum. The post Controversy Over Bluebonnet Curr...1 week ago
-
Un pueblo organizado aún puede vencer a los multimillonarios - Si hablamos directamente con los votantes que han perdido la fe en ambos partidos polÃticos sobre las preocupaciones en sus vidas diarias, podemos comenzar...2 weeks ago
-
But Daddy, He Reads Romance & Eats Puss - A definitive guide to the best T.V. boyfriends/husbands, plus what kind of romance novels each of them would read2 weeks ago
-
DOE must revise draft class size proposal by providing a concrete plan showing how smaller classes will be provided to NYC students within the legal timeline - For immediate release: August 3, 2026 Contact: Leonie Haimson, leonie@classsizematters.org; 917-435-9329 Last week, Class Size Matters and the Education L...2 weeks ago
-
NPE Conference Panels Focus on Keeping Schools under Community Control - https://networkforpubliceducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Demcracy-Conference-Promo-Landscape-6.mp4 The post NPE Conference Panels Focus on Keeping...2 weeks ago
-
GLP-1 Meds for Kids? Some Info. - Like many consumers of television and social media, I have been bombarded with ads for GLP-1s (short for glucagon-like peptide-1). The ads are everywhere. ...3 weeks ago
-
By One Dishonest Measure - A loaded question that education reformers like to ponder is: Exactly how many students in the boroughs of New York City are trapped in failing schools? In...4 weeks ago
-
1776 - __________ “The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army…. We have, therefore, resolved to conquer...1 month ago
-
-
-
Comparison of Florida’s Major K-12 (Publicly Funded) Education Options - Still on the campaign trail. Last night, I was at a public forum where, when asked about “School...1 month ago
-
Regarding Trump’s Utter Defeat and Surrender in the Middle East: Iran gets to charge fees, too! - Many analysts have explained how the recent MOU between Trump and Iran is a humiliating and deep failure for the current regimes of both the USA and Israel...2 months ago
-
Illustrations: Why “Cost” Matters in School Finance Research - Figure 1 – left panel – compares nominal per pupil spending by U.S. Census Poverty rates for all school districts nationally. Per pupil spending is measure...2 months ago
-
Conversation Among Friends: Deborah Meier & Alfie Kohn - Alifie Kohn jsut sent me this link to a talk we gave at a Coalition of Essential School conference in 2011.2 months ago
-
May’s Parent Engagement Resources - San Diego Unified Created a System to ‘Empower’ Parents. It Unraveled is from The Voice of San Diego. Why Those Disengaged Parents in Your School Deserve a...2 months ago
-
Donald Patton Resigns From Christina Board of Education - The word on the street is Donald Patton resigned from the Christina School District Board of Education less than two months before his term was set to expi...3 months ago
-
500-Year-Old Slave Revolt of 1526 Redefines Freedom as US Turns 250 - In 1526 — long before the more renowned dates that anchor the nation’s story of 1619 and 1776 — enslaved Africans rose up and freed themselves on the land ...3 months ago
-
Statement on the NYS Comptroller’s audit of NYC’s Privacy and Security of Student Data - Statement on the NYS Comptroller’s audit of NYC’s Privacy and Security of Student Data May 4, 2025 The audit from the State Comptroller’s office released t...3 months ago
-
Reflections on America, the world, and life - I acknowledge that I rarely post here anymore. Folks should remember that I am approaching my 80th birthday in less than 9 weeks, I am still teaching ful...4 months ago
-
-
Peace Treaty: Why Schools Don’t Change (Even When Everyone Knows They Should) - People love to say “schools resist change.” It sounds like a personality flaw—lazy, stubborn, old-fashioned. But schools aren’t hard to change because educ...5 months ago
-
The Problem with "the Science of Reading" - The problem with “the science of reading” is that it’s not new.6 months ago
-
Shutting Down The Site - Ten years ago, I ran for a seat on the LAUSD School Board of Education with the goal to *Change the LAUSD*. I am proud of the campaign we ran. We achieve...7 months ago
-
Dear NJ Teachers and Their Families: You MUST Not Vote For Jack Ciattarelli - To all NJ public school staff and their families: *You must not vote for Jack Ciattarelli. He will do serious, lasting damage to you personally, and the ...9 months ago
-
Blogoversary #19 — Time to Move on - Times have changed. I had a nice long run here, but let’s face it, it ended a while ago. So I’ve moved. I’m not writing much any more, but when I do it wil...11 months ago
-
McGrath and Kaminsky: Key Names in the School Policy Debate - The landscape of American school policy is no longer shaped only behind closed doors. It’s debated in town halls, on social media, and through public prote...1 year ago
-
"Didn't do *that*," part 1: new Schofield case developments reveal crucial 10th Circuit/Ledger lie - The record is clear. Jeremy Scott confessed at least 40 times in a 2017 hearing. He never recanted. The Ledger must retract its lie to force Judge Kevin Ab...1 year ago
-
Achieve 3000 Answers Key (Updated 2023) - Are you on the hunt for the most recent Achieve 3000 answers for the year 2023? Your search is over! ... Read more1 year ago
-
Il Papa è Morto - Francis brought a distinct pastoral outlook to his papacy. A simple man, he lived in a small apartment in the guesthouse. He sought to make the church acce...1 year ago
-
Kemenangan Member Birutoto Main PG Soft Speed Winner - Kemenangan Member Birutoto Main PG Soft Speed Winner Birutoto – Situs Slot Gacor Terpercaya The post Kemenangan Member Birutoto Main PG Soft Speed Winner...1 year ago
-
Mike Shulman the ARISE UFT Judenrat - I was surprised to learn that Mike Shulman has aligned himself with ARISE. I previously supported him, advocating that the Castle Doctrine could have bee...1 year ago
-
Can Students Expect a Relevant Education to be Delivered by Irrelevant Educators? - As a veteran teacher of forty years in the classroom, let me be clear, teachers are not completely at fault for becoming irrelevant in their profession. It...1 year ago
-
The US Department of Education Should not be Eliminated. Still, it must be reformed. - If you don’t have an attention span that lasts long enough to learn what I’m teaching in this post, start with the conclusion first. Then if you want to re...1 year ago
-
Malcolm & John David Washington Talk NFL, Christopher Nolan & ‘The Piano Lesson’ - 'The Washington brothers built their careers apart—until an irresistible project drew them together. In The *Piano Lesson*, they tackle a father’s thorny...1 year ago
-
AIN’T IT AWFUL - As the terrible feelings of dread and angst spread across the world the great majority of the American people feel powerless before the onslaught of those ...2 years ago
-
Did Darryl Willie lie or interfere in the whistleblower investgation? Why not both? - Willie said below to Action News Jax [image: image.png] It's troubling for quite a few reasons. First he is saying the board knew about the complaint an...2 years ago
-
Could This Be Gadfly’s End? Top 12 Articles From 2023 Read By Fewer Than Ever - After 9 years of pounding my head against the wall - well, it seems like the wall is winning.2 years ago
-
Redesigning School Governance: Beyond Mayoral Control - From time to time the legislature passes a bill with a sunset provision, unless the law is reauthorized by a specific date the law reverts to the law it re...2 years ago
-
POSTPONED: Florida’s Impact on Social Studies - POSTPONED: discussion with Florida and DC educators and advocates on the impact of Florida's new laws Continue reading2 years ago
-
Vote NO on the UFT Contract. Here is Why: - The best reason to vote no on this contract is this: UFT Unity* lied* to us in 2018. They misrepresented that contract. It was predicated on deals we wer...3 years ago
-
-
Testimony to the CPS Truancy Task Force - I prepared testimony for one of two public hearings held by the Chicago Public Schools Truancy Task Force, a body mandated by state legislation. The meetin...3 years ago
-
Tennis Memories from a Time When Racism and Anti-Semitism Still Prevailed - I learned tennis at a public park in Brooklyn- Lincoln Terrace- where the teaching pro was a mailman named Phil Rubell. Almost all the kids who took lesson...3 years ago
-
There Is A Teacher Shortage.Not. - THERE IS A TEACHER SHORTAGE. And just to be sure you understand, it’s not that teachers don’t want to teach. It’s not that there aren’t enough teachers cer...4 years ago
-
-
Want to know the condition of a Philly school building? New map to help. - [image: Two students walk by a Philadelphia school building.] Aging infrastructure has been an issue for Philadelphia schools for years. A new interactive...4 years ago
-
STREET LIFE - My mom told me, “You should treat all people equally, but don’t bring a “colored” into the house.” I believed … Continue reading →4 years ago
-
Schools Matter: Reflecting on Green Dot’s Disastrous Locke Takeover - *“Green Dot came and made it into more of a jail.” — Chris* My history of opposing the Green Dot Charter School Corporation back when I was an activist i...4 years ago
-
Book Banning Turns to Dick and Jane - Breaking News: Dateline February 4, 2022 - Parents in Dimwitty, Alabama have asked the Dimwitty Board of Education to ban the children's primer *Fun with...4 years ago
-
Have You Heard Has a New Website - TweetHave You Heard has a new website. Visit us at www.haveyouheardpodcast.com to find our latest episodes and our entire archive. And be sure to check out...4 years ago
-
Follow me at Substack - I've moved. Follow me at Substack I'm now posting regularly at Substack. You can subscribe for free to my new Edu/Pol blog at michaelklonsky.substack.com ...4 years ago
-
I’ve moved. - I’m on Substack now. You can continue to receive periodic posts for free. Or you can read every post and comment for $5 a month, $60 a year. fredklonsky.su...4 years ago
-
Milwaukee Bradley Foundation at Center of Attacks on U.S. Voting Rights - The Big Money Behind the Big Lie Donald Trump’s attacks on democracy are being promoted by rich and powerful conservative groups that are determined to win...5 years ago
-
Milwaukee Bradley Foundation at Center of Attacks on U.S. Voting Rights - The Big Money Behind the Big Lie Donald Trump’s attacks on democracy are being promoted by rich and powerful conservative groups that are determined to win...5 years ago
-
Aspiring Teachers Get New Help Paying For College - [image: colorful classroom pattern] *; Credit: shuoshu/Getty Images* Cory Turner | NPR New rules kick in today that will help aspiring teachers pay for c...5 years ago
-
Major victory over a corporate charter school chain and their trade association - Original post at Robert’s page on Medium. On Tuesday, March 23, 2021, I got my second big win in court against a charter school corporation. It was also a ...5 years ago
-
Tips Akses Situs Judi Qq Tanpa Perlu Takut Nawala - Kegiatan berjudi slot melalui situs judi qq online, sekarang sudah dilakukan oleh banyak penjudi Indonesia. Tentu, Kamu yang sedang membaca artikel ini a...5 years ago
-
The Threat of Integration - I have lived in the same house in the Miracle Mile section of Los Angeles for over 30 years, where up until now I have had little or no interaction with th...5 years ago
-
New Teacher Evaluation Report Released by the Network for Public Education - A new report on current teacher evaluation systems throughout the US was just released by the Network for Public Education. The report is titled, “Teachers...5 years ago
-
www.job-applications.com - https://www.job-applications.com/bed-bath-and-beyond-job-application/5 years ago
-
Teacher Creates National Database Tracking COVID-19 Outbreaks in Schools - Kansas educator Alisha Morris's online coronavirus news-tracker goes viral, now hosted on a new NEA website.5 years ago
-
Correction for July 10th Post on School District Audit - On July 10, 2020 we published a post “School District Caught Manipulating Attendance Records to Get More Money” which incorrectly cited Valley Park School ...6 years ago
-
We fight for a democracy worthy of us all! - The nation stands at a crossroads, said NEA President Lily Eskelsen GarcÃa in her final keynote address to the 2020 NEA Representative Assembly and it’s up...6 years ago
-
Giving Private Schools Federal Emergency Funds Slated for Low-income Students Will Shortchange At-risk Kids - Low-income Seattle students began to pick up bagged lunches in March after their school closed. Karen Ducey/Getty Images Derek W. Black, University of Sout...6 years ago
-
The Passing Of Chaz 1951-2020 Age 69 - I am the son of Chaz and like to inform you that he passed away this afternoon from the COVID virus. My father passed in peace beside his loved ones. We ar...6 years ago
-
Let The Next Round Of Anti-Semitic Ads Begin - All four pro-public education candidates came in first in their LAUSD school board elections, but two will face run-offs in November.6 years ago
-
The Fight For Our Children - *The number of suicides among people ages 10 to 24 nationally increased by 56 percent between 2007 and 2017, according to a new federal report showing the ...6 years ago
-
Love Grow Your Own (but not without the actual growth part) - The Governor of Virginia, Ralph Northam, recently announced a grow-your-own type of program for teachers. According to this piece: On Monday, Governor Ral...6 years ago
-
Another attempted cash grab by the corporate ed crowd in Washington State: House Bill 2788 - The League of Women Voters has opposed charter schools because they don’t have boards elected by the voters but instead the corporation running the schools...6 years ago
-
Read to Self: Just a Kid and a Book. - Date: Monday, January 5, 2020 Place: My classroom Student: Mrs.Mims, could we start doing Read to Self again because I got this great book for Christmas an...6 years ago
-
Reminiscences - I just finished dumping the rest of my lesson plans. I guess I held on to the calculus ones for so long because I spent so much time working on them an...6 years ago
-
Just Asking for some Teachers I know. - Recently Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers stated, We must … recognize that part of supporting our kids in the classroom means supporting the educators who t...6 years ago
-
Charging a terrified 10-year-old girl as a criminal is a very bad look for state attorney Dennis Ward - What the hell is going on? As a parent, I feel very comfortable using this exact wording to ask this … Continue reading →6 years ago
-
Cara Menang Bermain Judi Bola Online - Bermain judi bola online tentu saja memiliki kesenangannya tersendiri baik itu mendapatkan keuntungan maupun ketika menantikan hasil skor pada sebuah perta...6 years ago
-
Blaming Schools for Student Absences is Like Denouncing Doctors for Disease by Steven Singer - Originally posted at: https://gadflyonthewallblog.com/2019/08/25/blaming-schools-for-student-absences-is-like-denouncing-doctors-for-disease/?fbclid=IwAR1LV...6 years ago
-
Jersey journalist roughed up at session sponsored by charter school groups - The sponsors of an event that doesn’t like journalists An independent New Jersey journalist was roughed up, his video camera was seized, and he was ejected...7 years ago
-
K12 Inc. Data Breach Puts thousands of students at risk - It's hard to believe school districts are still contracting with this horrible company. K12 Inc. is the largest for-profit online alternative to actual pub...7 years ago
-
A Critique of Standards-Based Grading - It first happened to me about ten years ago. I was beginning my third year of teaching in a new school in Washington, DC. Social studies teachers were si...7 years ago
-
Reduced time for testing? Not so fast. - NYSED and Commish Elia continue to say that the NYS Assessments are of reasonable length, I completely disagree. Here is what NYSED states are average expe...7 years ago
-
A Response to NorthJersey.com's Explosive "Cashing in on Charter Schools" Series - From NorthJersey.com's Cashing in on Charter Schools series Please note: THIS is what journalism looks like. For the better part of a *DECADE* I have wa...7 years ago
-
-
This Week in Education Organizing - February 15, 2019 - Coalition for Education Justice to Release Report on CRE Eighty-five percent of public school students in New York City are Black, Latinx, or Asian and y...7 years ago
-
The World According to Michelle Rhee - The men behind the curtain fashioning the brave new world of corporate run education in America! Michelle Rhee is the founder of StudentsFirst, The New T...7 years ago
-
Libraries, books and overcoming the effect of poverty - *Published in the New York Times, September 20, 2018* *To the Editor:* *Re “Why libraries still matter.” [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/08/opinion/sund...7 years ago
-
TSJ's 17th Annual Curriculum Fair - *TSJ's 17th Annual Curriculum Fair* *** REGISTER HERE *** *From Puerto Rico to Chicago:* *Reclaiming and Reimagining Our Communities* Saturday, November 1...7 years ago
-
Whose Opinions Matter in Education World? - It's hard to identify education heroes and sheroes. And perhaps even harder to pinpoint just whose work is slanted, paid-for and dishonest.7 years ago
-
Book Review: The History of Institutional Racism in U.S. Public Schools (2018, Garn Press) by Susan DuFresne - I recently had the privilege of reading Dufresne’s powerful illustrated history of educational and institutional racism in the United States. Dufresne blen...8 years ago
-
Corruption on Top of Corruption: How Rahm’s Response to Sexual Abuse of Students Reveals His Core Function - Rahm Emanuel’s response to the Chicago Tribune investigation that found CPS failed to protect hundreds of students from sexual abuse is cowardly. It is co...8 years ago
-
New Local Businesses in Sacramento - Starting a new local business in Sacramento is a monumental task, but can be accomplished with footwork, perseverance and knowledge. One must learn the loc...8 years ago
-
Lesson Plan: Rhyme and Rhythm in Poetry - I’ve started a recent unit on poetry with my class. I’m not a poet, and I’m not a poetry fan (I don’t hate it, but I’m a prose gal), so this makes it harde...8 years ago
-
The Apotheosis of Betsy DeVos - Betsy Devos has drawn few headlines in recent months, and that is a good thing for the Secretary of Education. Her tenure began with Vice President Mike P...8 years ago
-
A Teacher’s Tale in the Midst of the Terror in our Schools - Students’ active-shooter plan for teacher in wheelchair: ‘We will carry you’ Reprinted from Allison Slater Tate Feb. 21, 2018 at 4:58 PM Like teachers all ...8 years ago
-
Social Emotional Data. The new Cash Cow in the Corporate Assessment Industry - Recently I was asked to allow my son to participate in a survey at school. The "opt in" survey form specifically stated, "the questions on the survey rela...8 years ago
-
Education Is a Civic Question - In their final post to end Bridging Differences' decade-long run, Deborah Meier and Harry Boyte urge readers to put the energy, talents, wisdom, and hard w...8 years ago
-
Site News: New Home for Education News & Commentary - Quick! Get over there! The daily education news roundup and education commentaries that you're probably looking for are now being published over at The Gra...9 years ago
-
Should We Be Grateful? - In an odd turn of events, and with little explanation, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder has decided to return the state’s School Reform Office back to the Dep...9 years ago
-
Parents Deserve to Know Who Is Being Appointed to State Board of Ed - I spent a rather surreal day at NJ Senate's Judiciary Committee meeting yesterday. This Committee, headed by Democrat Nick Scaturi, is responsible for a...9 years ago
-
An Open Letter to NC Lawmakers - An Open Letter to NC State Lawmakers and NC State Superintendent Mark Johnson: I am a NC native, voter, and public school teacher. I am addressing you all ...9 years ago
-
The Secret to Fixing Schools (My Next Bestseller) - The Secret to Fixing Schools (My next bestseller) Prologue I just finished watching a fascinating documentary on Netflix entitled, “The Secret”. The film p...9 years ago
-
CPS Targets Special Education Teacher Sarah Chambers - Here are the remarks from an action we did today at River Point Plaza, a new development that used over $30 million in TIF funds. CPS claims we are broke...9 years ago
-
Farewell, Sleep - Today is the official last day of my spring break. I've done a scientific survey: My natural bedtime is 2 AM, and my natural wake up time is 9:41 AM. Tom...9 years ago
-
March is nearly over and I didn't do anything for WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH - I was inspired when I saw this meme I guess it can be called of WOMEN IN STEM and "IT'S OKAY TO BE SMART" And I began thinking about how the only subjec...9 years ago
-
REPORT: States With the Best and Worst Schools - States With the Best (and Worst)Schools By *Evan Comen, Michael B. Sauter, Samuel Stebbins and Thomas C. Frohlich* January 20, 2017- http://247wallst.com ...9 years ago
-
Test Refusal = People Power - In recent months, social media has been ablaze with talk of regular folk taking action to resist the Trump agenda. Protests are a daily occurrence, and ev...9 years ago
-
Attitude Determines Altitude* (*conditions apply)… and the Importance of Humane District Themes - It has been a tumultuous few years in the South Brunswick community, specifically the South Brunswick School District. All you have to do is google the dis...9 years ago
-
What Is To Be Done? Trump, the Election, and the Student Loan Crises - President-elect Donald Trump delivering acceptance speech in New York, NY on November 9 (Photo Credit: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images Ever since now Presi...9 years ago
-
Prison Gerrymandering: Incarceration Weakens Vulnerable Voting Communities - One person equals one vote: seems simple enough. Unfortunately, that hasn’t worked out for many Americans throughout history, specifically women and peop...9 years ago
-
Random Musings and Observations. . . . - I’ve been gone a while from the blogging scene. Some of my more regular readers no doubt noticed but did not hassle me about it. Thank you for that. Sinc...10 years ago
-
WTU Headquarters On The Auction Block: Union Prez Liz Davis Doesn't Pay Property Tax! - *June 30th is the last official day of WTU Prez Davis' constitutional term. Malcolm Barnes explores this unfortunate scandal in the article below. What r...10 years ago
-
AB 934: A LEGISLATIVE FIX FOR VERGARA? - By Michael Stratford | in the Politco Morning Education Report | via email 05/24/2016 10:00 AM EDT :: Two national education groups are backing a Califor...10 years ago
-
To simply say you have a growth mindset does not mean you actually have one - By definition, you cannot have a growth mindset when learning is anchored to standardized tests. Standardized tests are a one … Continue reading →10 years ago
-
MY NEW BLOG - My new blog will consist of fictitious headlines, meant to be a blend of humor and satire. I apologize ahead of time if any other satirical site has simila...10 years ago
-
Thank you - Dear Readers, Thank you for visiting *The Perimeter Primate*. This blog is being retired for the time being. Although I no longer post here, I do still s...10 years ago
-
A brief appearance in the Black Panther documentary - 1969 press conference: From left: Fred Hampton and Bobby Rush (Black Panthers); Cha Cha Jiminez (Young Lords Organization); Mike Klonsky (SDS) I have a s...10 years ago
-
GLSEN Massachusetts Educator Retreat - *GLSEN Massachusetts Educator Retreat* *SAVE-THE-DATEMarch 8-10, 2019 • Provincetown, MA* The GLSEN Massachusetts Educator Retreat in Provincetown is a s...10 years ago
-
I am Retiring - I have some news: I am retiring from the PBS NewsHour and Learning Matters. [[ This is a content summary only. Visit my website for full links, other conte...11 years ago
-
A Call To Action – Tweet For Principal Jamaal Bowman and CASA Middle School Students - Originally posted on Poetic Justice: First – please watch this amazing video produced by the students and staff at CASA Middle School in the Bronx. It is b...11 years ago
-
Winter-Spring Speaking Schedule for Feminist Teacher, Ileana Jiménez - I’m excited to announce my speaking schedule for the remainder of the winter, spring, and early summer of 2015 (jump to the end for a full list). Last year...11 years ago
-
Joanne Barkan: One of my favorite writers on #EdReform… - I’ve been going through some of my Twitter “favorites” and retweeting them. I thought I would pass on to you some information about one of my favorite writ...11 years ago
-
New Beginnings: Kickstarter and EdWeek Teacher - Greetings to InterACT readers one and all! If you’ve been following posts here recently you might recall that I’m moving my blogging activity to other loca...11 years ago
-
Pay Teachers Less to Improve School Efficiency - hmmm! - As I was reading through education news on several of the news sites I regularly visit, I came...11 years ago
-
Adelaide L. Sanford Charter School - *“With Adelaide L. Sanford Charter School closing, Newark families must move on.”* The Star-Ledger (NJ), 6/25/2013 NEWARK — Bobby and Troy Shanks saw the...12 years ago
-
The Empowerment Parents Want: The LSC Model for School Reform - The Empowerment Parents Want: A Real, Effective Voice in our Children’s Education As corporate efforts to privatize and capitalize on public education are ...13 years ago
-
Kimberly Olson, Broad Superintendents Academy Class of 2005 - Kimberly D. Olson, Colonel, USAF (retired), is currently the Executive Director of *Grace After Fire*, an online social support network for women veteran...15 years ago
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Monday, April 19, 2021
CURMUDGUCATION: To Choice Advocates: Some Questions
Friday, April 16, 2021
CURMUDGUCATION: What Happens To Students That Charters Don't Want? (The Chester Upland Saga Continues)
Saturday, April 10, 2021
West Virginia: The Great Charter School Swindle | Diane Ravitch's blog
State Senator Mike Romano of West Virginia wrote an article about the hoax of charter schools, which will cost the state’s public schools hundreds of millions of dollars without improving education.
He wrote:
In the shadows of Covid, bills have passed during the 2021 Legislative session that will move West Virginia backwards. From the weakening or elimination of state licensing for electricians, plumbers, crane operators, elevator technicians, among others, to the weakening of drinking water standards, to creating a new layer of government with an Intermediate Court that no one wants (except insurance companies), which will cost tens of millions of tax dollars every year.
As bad as those bills are, no bill has the potential to damage our collective future or waste more of our tax dollars than charter schools. The obsession of the Republican Majority with charter schools and private CONTINUE READING: West Virginia: The Great Charter School Swindle | Diane Ravitch's blog
Wednesday, April 7, 2021
Texas: Public Schools Are Better Than Charter Schools: Stop Funding Failure! | Diane Ravitch's blog
I recently had the pleasure of speaking to the North Texas School Boards Association by Zoom. Right now, Texas is ground zero for the charter industry. This is astonishing because the public schools in Texas far outperform the charter schools. The charter school lobby markets themselves as “saviors” of children, but they are far more likely to fail than public schools. This is a summary of what I told my friends in Texas:
I am a graduate of the Houston public schools. My father, who grew up in Savannah, never finished high school; my mother, who was born in Bessarabia, was very proud of her high school diploma from the Houston public schools.
I believe that all of us, whether or not we have children, whether or not we have children in public school, have a civic obligation to support public schools, just as we must support other public services, like police, firefighting, public roads, public parks, and public libraries. Taxes are the price we pay for a civilized society, and no investment is more precious than investing in the education of our CONTINUE READING: Texas: Public Schools Are Better Than Charter Schools: Stop Funding Failure! | Diane Ravitch's blog
Carol Corbett Burris: Why Do Charter Schools Get Away with Massive Fraud? | Diane Ravitch's blog
Carol Corbett Burris was a teacher and principal on Long Island, in New York state for many years. After retiring, she became executive director of the Network for Public Education.
She writes:
Last spring, HBO released Bad Education, which tells the story of how a Roslyn, New York Superintendent named Frank Tassone conspired to steal $11.2 million with the help of his business officer, Pamela Gluckin. Promo materials called the film “the largest public school embezzlement in U.S. history.”
I did not watch it. I am waiting. I am waiting for HBO to release a movie on how a crafty fellow from Australia, Sean McManus, defrauded California taxpayers out of $50 millionvia an elaborate scheme to create phony attendance records to increase revenue to an online charter chain known as A3.
Or the documentary about the tens of millions that the Electronic Classroom of Tomorrow (ECOT) owes taxpayers for cooking the books on attendance. Or CONTINUE READING: Carol Corbett Burris: Why Do Charter Schools Get Away with Massive Fraud? | Diane Ravitch's blog
Friday, April 2, 2021
Rhode Island: Teachers Demand End to State Takeover of Providence Schools | Diane Ravitch's blog
Rhode Island is a mess. Two years ago, the state took control of the Providence public schools. The Governor, Gina Raymond, is a former hedge funder and not a friend of public schools. She loves charter schools and welcomed them to her state. She is now Biden’s Commerce Secretary and has been succeeded by her Lieutenant Governor Dan McKee, who is also a privatizer. The relatively new State Commissioner is Angelica Infante Green, who comes from Teach for America and had a desk job in the New York State Education Department. She is a member of Jeb Bush’s Chiefs for Change. The Providence Teachers Union originally supported the state takeover, hoping that it would bring new resources to the schools. Instead, the takeover has meant disruption, turmoil, threats to teachers, and bitterness between the hard-charging, inexperienced State Commissioner and the teachers.
Mary Beth Calabro, the president of the Providence Teachers Union, has been a teacher for 24 years and president of the union for five years.
Less than two years later, and with the COVID-19 pandemic overshadowing nearly all of the takeover, CONTINUE READING: Rhode Island: Teachers Demand End to State Takeover of Providence Schools | Diane Ravitch's blog
Sunday, March 28, 2021
Oklahoma: State Board, by 4-3, Gives Charter Schools Access to Local Tax Revenues | Diane Ravitch's blog
Over the opposition of Joy Hofmeister, the state superintendent, the Oklahoma State Board of Education voted 4-3 to allow charter schools to have a share in property taxes and motor vehicle taxes that previously were reserved for public schools.
A groundbreaking settlement will fundamentally change the way charter schools are funded in Oklahoma, despite vehement opposition from the state’s top education official.
The Oklahoma State Board of Education voted 4-3 on Thursday in favor of an agreement with the Oklahoma Public Charter School Association to settle a 2017 lawsuit.
The charter school association called the agreement a “tremendous step” for equality in school funding.
State schools Superintendent Joy Hofmeister said the settlement could violate state law and have “seismic” CONTINUE READING: Oklahoma: State Board, by 4-3, Gives Charter Schools Access to Local Tax Revenues | Diane Ravitch's blog
CURMUDGUCATION: Is Your Charter School A Public School?
It seems to be one of the eternal questions (well, sort of a question) of the education debates-- aren't charter schools public schools? So for those folks who are still a little fuzzy on this, let me offer a handy set of questions to help you decide. Here are the signs of a public school.
Is the school and its resources owned by the public?
Who owns the building? If the school closed tomorrow, who would take possession of the building, the desks, the chairs, the books, the music stands, etc etc etc. If the physical resources of the building are owned by the public, it's probably a public school.
Does the school accept all students?
Usually when discussing this point, we get all caught up in the ways that charter schools market, cream, council out, don't offer specialized programs, and set up enrollment hoops that allow them to decide which students they will and will not take. But let's simplify this issue. Does the school accept all students? All. If they have a lottery to award seats to a select few, the answer is no, they are not a public school. No public school district gets to say, ever, "I'm sorry, we only have enough seats for fifty of you, so we'll have a lottery, and CONTINUE READING: CURMUDGUCATION: Is Your Charter School A Public School?
Tuesday, March 23, 2021
Segregation factories, pt 4: The dark story of "Failure Factories" and "Schools without Rules" shows how power dominates education journalism, narrative, and humanity - Public Enemy Number 1
Part 1: Welcome to Jeb Crow Florida, 2021
Part 2: What "Jeb Crow" has wrought for FTC, McKay, and Gardiner kids -- and everybody else
Part 3: How to shop in a Jeb Crow voucher marketplace built to cheat and grift and harm your child
Today’s Part 4 is a comprehensive history and accounting of the consequences from Florida’s two most important pieces of newspaper journalism since 2015. Both concern education; and both illustrate how power determines the impact of journalism, in different ways. This article may be truncated in email delivery; so you should plan to click through to the website.
It would take a reporter at the Tampa Bay Times, to which I am a subscriber, a couple of days at most to go through the Step Up for Students website and compile a spreadsheet of voucher schools for the counties in their coverage area — with the same information I put together in this spreadsheet. (I will send you the full sheet if you want it, TBT, for a template.)
I would bet my house that every county would have a giant list of racially and ESE-segregated voucher schools with no accreditation or oversight or capital. These voucher schools exist only because of direct taxpayer funding or because big corporations get a public dollar-for-dollar tax break for funding them directly rather than funding real public schools.
In Polk County, 16 voucher schools have enrollments that are at least 76 percent black. Twelve of the 16 schools are at least 95 percent black or greater. Six are 100 percent black. Not one of those schools has accreditation, of any kind. More than 800 black children attend these segregated, no-capital “schools.”
Beyond purely black segregation, 30 out of 65 Polk voucher schools are at least 70 CONTINUE READING: Segregation factories, pt 4: The dark story of "Failure Factories" and "Schools without Rules" shows how power dominates education journalism, narrative, and humanity - Public Enemy Number 1
Wednesday, March 17, 2021
Chartered for Profit: The Hidden World of Charter Schools Operated for Financial Gain - Network For Public Education
In this report, we focus on the world of charter schools run for profit, a world both hidden and misunderstood. We pull back the veil on tactics and practices designed to reap as many public dollars as possible from charter schools while hiding behind laws designed to keep profit-making hidden from the public’s eyes. This report exposes how both large and small for-profit companies evade state laws that make for-profit charter schools illegal by the use of related entities and a nonprofit front. We explain and provide examples of how for-profit owners maximize their profits through self-dealing, excessive fees, real estate transactions, and under-serving students who need the most expensive services.
You can view and read the report by clicking the image below.
READ THE COMPLETE REPORT: Chartered for Profit: The Hidden World of Charter Schools Operated for Financial Gain - Network For Public Education
Saturday, March 13, 2021
Should KIPP Be Allowed to Build a School on a Toxic Waste Site? | Diane Ravitch's blog
The tiny city of Cudahy, California, is locked in battle with the mega-powerful KIPP charter chain over KIPP’s determination to build a charter school on a toxic waste site. KIPP is avoiding the usual environmental review that would be required for public schools. Local environmental activists and parents are raising money to fight the KIPP machine.
Larry Buhl writes in “Capital & Main”:
At issue are a state law allowing different building standards for different types of schools, and a planning code, obscure to most local residents, that allows a charter school company to build a new school without thoroughly cleaning up the site’s alleged toxins.
Using a process that allows the company to skirt state environmental rules, KIPP SoCal Public Schools plans to build a new elementary school on land that its own reports show contains toxic substances including lead and arsenic. The company can do that because the CONTINUE READING: Should KIPP Be Allowed to Build a School on a Toxic Waste Site? | Diane Ravitch's blog
Monday, March 8, 2021
Shawgi Tell: Charter School Disinformation About Families Being the Most Important “Stakeholders” | Dissident Voice
Since day one, advocates of privately-operated charter schools have tried to convince everyone that segregated charter schools “empower parents” and that parents are not only “stakeholders” but the most important “stakeholders” in education. Everything in education is supposedly all about parents first and foremost. Parents are the end-all and be-all. Education apparently serves no one else or 10 other broad functions. Education exists mainly to serve parents. Everyone and everything else is secondary at best. Oddly enough, while the “parent empowerment” theme is central to charter school disinformation it is actually charter schools that choose parents and students, not the other way around.
Such a narrow notion of parents-first-last-and-always deliberately degrades and debases the historical, cultural, social, political, and economic role, significance, and importance of public education in a modern society based on mass industrial production. The days of petty production, small estates, small farms, and feudal manors are long gone. Humans today are born to a complex modern society in which all production is highly technical, scientific, advanced, large-scale, and cooperative. Everything is interdependent and impossible without millions of skilled working people. The problem is that this modern mass production system is based on outdated relations of production, that is, it is owned and controlled by competing private owners of capital CONTINUE READING: Charter School Disinformation About Families Being the Most Important “Stakeholders” | Dissident Voice
Saturday, March 6, 2021
Are Urban Schools A Site of Occupation? - PopularResistance Org
Rhode Island: Dark Money Backs “Parent Group” for More Charter Schools | Diane Ravitch's blog
Maurice Cunningham specializes in digging up the facts about Dark Money (political contributions where the donors’ names are hidden). His expose of Dark Money from the Waltons and other billionaires turned the public against a 2016 state referendum in Massachusetts to expand the number of charter schools, and it was defeated. I wrote about this campaign in Slaying Goliath.
In this post, published here for the first time, he exposes a “parent group” demanding more charter schools in Rhode Island.
Cunningham writes:
Parents who care about public education need to be wary of dark money fronts masquerading as concerned reformers. These are lavishly funded efforts with the goal of privatizing public schools. Rhode Islanders should take a long hard look at Stop the Wait RI.
This operation registered with the Rhode Island Secretary of State as a social welfare organization organized under section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue on February 25, 2021. That status allows Stop the Wait to engage in a wide range of political activities including spending on political campaigns. The big advantage for a 501(c)(4) is CONTINUE READING: Rhode Island: Dark Money Backs “Parent Group” for More Charter Schools | Diane Ravitch's blog
Wednesday, February 24, 2021
In “NY Times” Piece, Eve Ewing Ignores Economic Catastrophe for Public Schools of Charter School Expansion | janresseger
I am a great fan of Eve Ewing’s book, Ghosts in the Schoolyard. I have read the book twice, visited in Chicago some of the sites she describes, given the book to friends as a gift and blogged about it. In that book, Ewing documents the community grief across Chicago’s South Side, where the now three decades old Renaissance 2010 “portfolio school plan” pits neighborhood public schools and charter schools in competition and closes the so-called “failing” neighborhood public schools when too many families opt for a charter school.
In a column published in Monday’s NY Times, Eve Ewing wants to make peace with charter schools. She writes that we should allow families to choose and ensure that neighborhood schools and charter schools can all be well resourced and thriving. Ewing grasps for a third way—some sort of amicable compromise in a very polarized situation.
Ewing is a University of Chicago sociologist, and, in her column she examines many of the factors by which neighborhood public schools and charter schools have been compared and rated. She points out that academic quality is a mixed bag with neighborhood and charter schools sometimes besting each other in terms of student achievement. Then she wonders, “What would it look like if we built an education policy agenda dedicated to ensuring… resources for all students?
The problem in Ewing’s column this week is that she never identifies or addresses the matter of public funding for education. I assume she wants to equalize school funding across both sectors. But when charter schools compete for students with public schools, there are now two separate education sectors to split what has proven to be a fixed pot of money. In every single place I know about where charter schools have been allowed to open up, this is a zero sum game. A sufficient and growing body of research demonstrates that there is no way to split CONTINUE READING: In “NY Times” Piece, Eve Ewing Ignores Economic Catastrophe for Public Schools of Charter School Expansion | janresseger
Thursday, February 4, 2021
Shawgi Tell: Charter Schools Distort the Modern Socialized Economy | Dissident Voice
Every year billions of public dollars and assets flow into the hands of private businesses like charter schools, leaving public schools, the economy, the public interest, and the nation worse off. This is due to the fact that competing owners of capital are using deregulated charter schools to atomize the socialized economy for private gain. As pay-the-rich schemes, privately-operated charter schools drain the large-scale socialized economy of a huge amount of social wealth produced by working people and meant for the public interest.
When public funds leave the public sector and end up in the hands of deregulated private entities like non-profit and for-profit charter schools, that means narrow private interests are benefitting at the expense of the public. It means less added-value is used by and benefits the public. It means all public wealth is not reinvested fully and directly back into the public sector. Instead, a large portion of social wealth produced by workers is illegitimately claimed by external private claimants whose aim is to maximize profit as fast as possible.1 This distorts the economy and undermines public schools and the public interest. It is a net loss for society. It is socially irresponsible. Funneling public funds to private interests undermines modern nation-building that relies on a diverse, self-reliant, balanced, and pro-social economy under public control.
It may be asked: Why don’t public funds stay in public hands? Why aren’t CONTINUE READING: Charter Schools Distort the Modern Socialized Economy | Dissident Voice
Friday, January 29, 2021
ASD Light – Tennessee Education Report
State Senator Ferrell Haile of Sumner County has filed SB 122, a bill creating a “School Turnaround Pilot Program.” Maybe Haile has never heard of the Achievement School District? It’s difficult to understand why someone who has served on the Senate Education Committee for some time now and should have at least a vague familiarity with education policy in our state would want to recreate one of the biggest public policy failures of the last decade.
Here’s a bit of text from his bill:
(a) The department shall create and develop a five-year school turnaround pilot program for district schools that are in need of intervention pursuant to § 49-6-3604.
(b) The department shall select twenty (20) schools in need of intervention that are diverse geographically, including rural and urban schools and schools in different regions of the state, and diverse in grade levels for the pilot program.
(c) From the twenty (20) schools in need of intervention selected for the pilot program, the department shall randomly select ten (10) schools to be a control group and ten (10) schools to participate in a school turnaround group.
(d) The department shall operate and administer the school turnaround pilot program for five (5) school years beginning with the 2021-2022 school year.
The basis for admission into this “turnaround group” is scores on Tennessee’s failed TNReady test.
Just in case Haile hasn’t been paying attention, here’s a bit of what’s been happening with the Achievement School District since its inception:
Gary Rubinstein refers to the ASD as the Edsel of school reform:
The Tennessee Achievement School District, or ASD, is the Edsel of school reform. Created with a Race To The Top Grant and developed by TFA alum Kevin Huffman, CONTINUE READING: ASD Light – Tennessee Education Report






































