Latest News and Comment from Education

Thursday, September 21, 2023

NORTH CAROLINA BUDGET: CUTS FUNDING TO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, CASTRATES NC BOARD OF EDUCATION, EXPANDS VOUCHERS

NORTH CAROLINA BUDGET: CUTS FUNDING TO PUBLIC SCHOOLS, CASTRATES NC BOARD OF EDUCATION, EXPANDS VOUCHERS 

In a stunning display of fiscal acrobatics, North Carolina's Republican legislative leaders have unveiled their grand plan for the state's education system. Brace yourselves, folks, because this budget is a real knee-slapper.

First up on the comedy lineup, we have the raise in teacher salaries. Now, you might think that increasing the pay of these hardworking educators is a good thing. But oh no, not in MAGA Land! Instead of a substantial raise, they've decided to play a little game of hide and seek with the funds. They'll set base salaries for teachers, but then supplement them with local and state funds. It's like a magic trick – now you see the money, now you don't! Abracadabra, your paycheck just disappeared!

But wait, there's more! In a move that would make even the most seasoned stand-up comedian blush, they're expanding vouchers for private schools. Because why invest in public education when you can just throw money at private institutions? It's like going to a fancy restaurant and leaving a tip for the waiter, but forgetting to pay your own bill. Comedy gold!

And if you thought that was the punchline, hold onto your hats, folks. They're limiting the powers of the State Board of Education. Because who needs experts and professionals making decisions about education when you can just let politicians run the show? It's like hiring a plumber to fix your leaky faucet, but then telling them to stay away from the pipes. Hilarious!

But fear not, my friends, because there's a glimmer of hope in this budget. They're expanding eligibility for the NC Teaching Fellows scheme. Yes, they're actually acknowledging that teachers need financial support. Of course, there's a catch – they have to teach in North Carolina public schools. It's like offering someone a delicious slice of cake, but only if they promise to eat their vegetables first. Classic!

And finally, the pièce de résistance of this comedy extravaganza – the budget does not restore a prior salary supplement for teachers who earn a master's degree. Because who needs advanced degrees when you can just rely on good old-fashioned common sense? It's like telling someone they don't need a driver's license because they've watched every episode of "Top Gear." Side-splittingly funny!

But wait, there's one more joke for the road. The state board of education can now withhold funding from charter schools. It's like giving someone a gift card to their favorite store, but then telling them they can only use it on Mondays between 2 and 3 PM. Utterly hilarious!

So there you have it, ladies and gentlemen – North Carolina's MAGA Legislature at its finest. With budget cuts, expanded vouchers, and castrated education, they've truly outdone themselves in the comedy department. Who needs laughter when you can have tears of frustration instead? Bravo!

NC budget to expand private school vouchers and strip power from State Board of Education | WUNC https://www.wunc.org/education/2023-09-20/2023-state-budget-schools-teachers-private-school-vouchers 


TEXAS CROWN ACT FOR WHITE STUDENTS ONLY: BLACK HAIR STILL BANNED

TEXAS CROWN ACT FOR WHITE STUDENTS ONLY: BLACK HAIR STILL BANNED

In a recent turn of events, it seems that the Texas Crown Act, a law designed to prevent racial discrimination based on hairstyles, may only apply to white students. That's right, folks, it looks like black students are still screwed when it comes to school dress codes.

Take the case of Darryl George, a high school student at Barbers Hill High School in Texas. Darryl has been serving in-school suspension for wearing twisted dreadlocks to class, which apparently violates the school district's dress code. However, his family and attorney argue that the hairstyle does not violate the dress code and that the school district is violating the CROWN Act.

For those of you who don't know, the CROWN Act prohibits race-based hair discrimination and bars employers and schools from penalizing people because of hair texture or protective hairstyles, including Afros, braids, dreadlocks, twists, or Bantu knots. It sounds like a great law, right? Well, not if you're a black student in Texas.

Darryl's family has filed a formal complaint with the Texas Education Agency, alleging that he was being harassed and mistreated by school district officials over his hair, and that his suspension violated the CROWN Act. The school district has also filed a lawsuit in state district court asking a judge to clarify whether its dress code restrictions limiting student hair length for boys violate the CROWN Act.

But here's where things get really interesting. According to Darryl's family, the school district is enforcing hair length requirements for male students, despite allowing boys to wear braids, locks, or twists. So, let me get this straight. Black students can wear protective hairstyles, but only if their hair is short enough? That's like saying you can eat cake, but only if it's sugar-free and made with cauliflower instead of flour.

Darryl has been placed in in-school suspension multiple times and claims he is being forced to sit in a cold room all day with no teachers explaining his lessons. And if that's not bad enough, he's also being fed bologna sandwiches instead of the school lunch options available to other students. I mean, come on, school district officials. Is this really necessary? Are you really so threatened by a student's hair that you have to subject him to inhumane conditions?

It's clear that something needs to change. The CROWN Act was supposed to protect black students from discrimination based on their hairstyles, but it seems like the law is only being applied to white students. This is unacceptable. We need to stand up for Darryl and other black students who are being unfairly targeted by school dress codes.

In fact, I have a proposal. Let's create a new law called the "Hair Equality Act" that explicitly prohibits schools from discriminating against any student based on their hair length or style. And let's make sure that this law is enforced equally for all students, regardless of their race.

Because at the end of the day, it doesn't matter if you're black or white or any other race. We all have the right to express ourselves through our appearance, including our hair. So let's fight for Hair Equality and put an end to discriminatory school dress codes once and for all.

Barbers Hill HS student claims he’s repeatedly subjected to inhumane conditions because of his hair https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2023/09/21/family-of-barbers-hill-isd-student-suspended-for-his-hairstyle-asks-for-clarification-of-the-crown-act/ 

Barbers Hill ISD asking court to clarify CROWN Act, after suspending student Darryl George for 2nd time for the length of his hair - ABC13 Houston https://abc13.com/barbers-hill-isd-student-darryl-george-suspended-for-dreadlocks-crown-act-hair-discrimination-texas-law/13806662/

Texas student punished for hairstyle | khou.com https://www.khou.com/article/news/education/barbers-hill-high-school-crown-act/285-6b50c90d-d6db-4c05-9b75-c1565a177b4c 

Debate over a Black student's suspension over his hairstyle in Texas ramps up with probe and lawsuit | AP News https://apnews.com/article/hairstyles-racial-discrimination-crown-act-6312d39fe23de0b20dca60b9b3c72d8c 


THE DEFT DIVE


FROM BARD AI

The Crown Act is a law that prohibits discrimination based on a person's natural hair or protective hairstyle. Protective hairstyles are hairstyles that are worn to protect the natural hair from damage. This can include braids, twists, locs, and afros.

The Crown Act was first passed in California in 2019, and it has since been passed in over a dozen other states. The law is designed to protect people from being discriminated against in employment, housing, and public accommodations because of their hair.

Black hair has a long and rich history. It has been used to express identity, culture, and spirituality. However, Black hair has also been a source of discrimination. Black people have been told that their hair is unprofessional, unsightly, and even dirty. This discrimination has had a negative impact on the self-esteem and mental health of Black people.

The Crown Act is an important step towards ending discrimination against Black hair. It sends the message that Black hair is beautiful and professional. It also allows Black people to wear their hair in a way that is authentic to themselves.

The Crown Act has been supported by a number of organizations and individuals, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Black Lives Matter movement, and celebrities such as Beyoncé and Lupita Nyong'o.

The Crown Act is a victory for Black people and for all people who believe in equality. It is a reminder that everyone should be able to express themselves freely, without fear of discrimination.

**What can you do to support the Crown Act?**

There are a number of things you can do to support the Crown Act:

  • * Contact your elected officials and let them know that you support the passage of the Crown Act in your state.
  • * Educate yourself and others about the Crown Act and the importance of protecting Black hair.
  • * Support Black-owned businesses that sell hair products and services.
  • * Challenge stereotypes about Black hair.
  • * Wear your own hair with pride!

The Crown Act is an important step towards ending discrimination against Black hair. By working together, we can create a more inclusive and equitable society.


FROM BING AI

Black hair and the CROWN Act. 

  • - The CROWN Act is a law that forbids discrimination based on hair texture and hair styles, especially those that are associated with Black people, such as locs, braids, twists, Bantu knots, afros and natural hair. CROWN stands for: “Create a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair.”⁵
  • - The CROWN Act was first passed in California in 2019, and since then, it has been adopted by 20 states in the U.S. It has also been introduced at the federal level, and passed by the House of Representatives in March 2022. However, it still needs to be approved by the Senate and signed by the President to become a national law.⁵⁶⁷
  • - The CROWN Act is an extension of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination against afros, but not other natural hairstyles. The CROWN Act aims to address the gap in legal protection and recognize that hair discrimination is a form of racial discrimination.⁹
  • - Black hair is diverse, with a range of textures and thicknesses. It often has a curly or spiral shape, which makes it more prone to dryness and breakage. Black hair also has a thinner cuticle layer and fewer hair follicles than other hair types, which can affect its appearance and health.[^10^] ¹¹
  • - To care for Black hair, dermatologists recommend washing it once a week or every other week with a gentle, moisturizing shampoo and conditioner. They also suggest using a hot oil treatment twice a month, using a heat protecting product before styling, using caution with relaxers and other chemical treatments, using ceramic combs or irons to press hair, and making sure braids, cornrows or weaves are not too tight.¹¹¹²¹³
  • - Black hair care products and tips may vary depending on the individual's hair type, texture, length, and style preferences. Some natural ingredients that can benefit Black hair include coconut oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, argan oil, shea butter, aloe vera, honey, apple cider vinegar, and tea tree oil.[^10^] ¹²¹⁴

Bing, 9/21/2023

  • (1) What is the CROWN Act? | ADL. https://www.adl.org/resources/tools-and-strategies/what-crown-act.
  • (2) Everything You Need to Know About The Crown Act - Byrdie. https://www.byrdie.com/the-crown-act-guide-5111864.
  • (3) CROWN Act: Does Your State Prohibit Hair Discrimination? - SHRM. https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/behavioral-competencies/global-and-cultural-effectiveness/pages/crown-act-does-your-state-prohibit-hair-discrimination.aspx.
  • (4) The Tangled History of the CROWN Act and Its Progress to Date - Insider. https://www.insider.com/crown-act-black-hair-discrimination-mya-deanna-cook-2022-8.
  • (5) Black hair care: Tips for washing, styling, and choosing products. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/black-hair-care.
  • (6) Black hair: Tips for everyday care - American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/hair-scalp-care/hair/care-african-american.
  • (7) 15 Simple Hair Care Tips For Black Hair - Stylecraze. https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/7-simple-black-hair-care-tips/.
  • (8) How to Take Care of Natural Black Hair: The Complete Guide for .... https://www.alluriumbeauty.com/blogs/news/black-hair-care-for-beginners.
  • (9) Black Hair Care: Tips and Best Practices - Greatist. https://greatist.com/live/black-hair-care.
  • (10) House passes Crown Act banning discrimination against Black hairstyles. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/house-passes-crown-act-banning-discrimination-black-hairstyles-rcna20617.
  • (11) How Hair Discrimination Affects Black Women at Work. https://hbr.org/2023/05/how-hair-discrimination-affects-black-women-at-work.
  • (12) The CROWN Act & transforming the rules of professionalism around Black hair. https://www.thomsonreuters.com/en-us/posts/legal/crown-act-legal-professionalism/.
  • (13) US House passes CROWN Act that would ban race-based hair ... - CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/18/politics/house-vote-crown-act/index.html.
  • (14) How the CROWN Act Impacts You - NaturallyCurly.com. https://www.naturallycurly.com/curlreading/news-culture/how-the-crown-act-impacts-you.

Sure, I can list the states that support the CROWN Act. According to my web search results, the CROWN Act or laws inspired by it have been enacted in 22 states and 49 municipalities in the U.S.³ The 22 states are:

- Alaska
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Illinois
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- Oregon
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Virginia

These states have passed the CROWN Act to forbid discrimination based on hair texture and hair styles, especially those that are associated with Black people, such as locs, braids, twists, Bantu knots, afros and natural hair. The CROWN Act stands for: “Create a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair.”⁵

Source: Conversation with Bing, 9/21/2023
  • (1) The CROWN Act - Dove. https://www.dove.com/us/en/stories/campaigns/the-crown-act.html.
  • (2) What’s Coming Up in CROWN Act Legislation, and How to Prepare. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/whats-coming-up-in-crown-act-legislation-and-how-to-prepare.
  • (3) Th CROWN Act: Here Are All The States That Have Passed The Bill - NewsOne. https://newsone.com/4383979/the-crown-act-states/.
  • (4) Here's Every State That Has Passed the Crown Act | Glamour. https://www.glamour.com/story/the-crown-act-banning-hair-discrimination.
  • (5) Growing List of States Enacting the CROWN Act in 2023. https://clearlawinstitute.com/blog/2023/02/09/house-of-representatives-passes-bill-prohibiting-discrimination-based-on-natural-hair/.


THE REDNECK BOOK BANNING TIK TOK CHALLENGE

 

THE REDNECK BOOK BANNING TIK TOK  CHALLENGE

Attention all rednecks! Have you heard about the latest Tik Tok challenge? It's called the Redneck Book Banning Challenge, and it's taking the nation by storm. The challenge is simple: who can ban the most books from libraries and schools? And guess what? The red states seem to be walking away with it!

Now, I know what you're thinking. "But wait a minute, isn't book banning a serious problem?" Well, yes, it is. But that doesn't mean we can't have a little fun with it, right?

According to the American Library Association, over 700 books were challenged or banned in 2021 alone. And who's leading the charge? None other than our favorite Christian non-profit organizations! Focus on the Family, The American Family Association, and Moms for Liberty are just a few of the groups that have been actively campaigning against books they deem "inappropriate" or "harmful" to children.

But let's be real here, folks. Book banning is just plain ignorant. You can't just ban books because they don't align with your beliefs or values. That's not how the world works. If we start banning books left and right, we're only breeding more ignorance.

And let's not forget about the importance of free speech and freedom of expression. When books are banned, people are denied access to information and ideas. How are we supposed to learn and grow as individuals if we're only exposed to a narrow-minded perspective?

So, if you're a redneck looking to participate in the book banning challenge, I urge you to reconsider. Instead of banning books, why not read them? You might just learn something new and expand your horizons.

And for those of you who are concerned about book banning, there are a few things you can do. First and foremost, speak out against it. Let your elected officials know that you oppose book banning. Support libraries and bookstores that sell books that are often banned. And most importantly, educate yourself and others about the importance of free speech and the dangers of book banning.

In conclusion, let's put an end to this Redneck Book Banning Tik Tok Challenge once and for all. It's time to embrace diversity of thought and ideas, and stop trying to silence those we disagree with. After all, as the saying goes, "The pen is mightier than the sword." So let's pick up a book instead of a ban hammer and start reading!

Over 1,900 library book titles targeted for censorship so far in 2023 : NPR https://www.npr.org/2023/09/20/1200647985/book-bans-libraries-schools 

School book bans show no signs of slowing, PEN America finds : NPR https://www.npr.org/2023/09/21/1200725104/book-bans-school-pen-america 

Katy ISD bans more books as Texas leads nation in ban attempts - Axios Houston https://www.axios.com/local/houston/2023/09/20/katy-isd-bans-books-texas 

'Toll of book banning' increases as Missouri ranks No. 3 among states, report says https://www.stltoday.com/life-entertainment/local/books/toll-of-book-banning-increases-as-missouri-ranks-no-3-among-states-report-says/article_9191edd6-57df-11ee-b4e0-674df3c44fcc.html 

Official says Florida "does not ban books" after releasing list of 300 books that have been banned - LGBTQ Nation https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/official-says-florida-does-not-ban-books-after-releasing-list-of-300-books-that-have-been-banned/ 

Ron DeSantis' Florida is No. 1 in book banning, free speech group says https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/politics/2023/09/21/ron-desantis-florida-is-no-1-in-book-banning-free-speech-group-says/70900798007/ 

‘Chilling’: Ariana Grande, Amanda Gorman and others sign letter against book bans | Books | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/sep/19/celebrities-sign-letter-book-ban-ariana-grande-amanda-gorman 

US book bans and attempted bans rise as efforts extend to public libraries | Books | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/sep/20/book-bans-us-rise-public-libraries 


THE DEFT DIVE


FROM BARD AI

The history of book banning in America dates back to the colonial era. In 1637, the Puritan government of Massachusetts Bay banned Thomas Morton's book *New English Canaan*, which was critical of Puritan society. Since then, there have been many other books that have been banned in America, for a variety of reasons.

In the 19th century, books were often banned for religious reasons. For example, in 1840, the Catholic Church banned the Bible in English, arguing that it should only be read in Latin by priests. In 1873, the federal government passed the Comstock Act, which banned the publication and distribution of obscene materials. This law was used to ban books that dealt with sex, contraception, and other topics that were considered taboo at the time.

In the 20th century, books were often banned for political reasons. For example, during the McCarthy era, many books were banned because they were suspected of being communist propaganda. In the 1960s and 1970s, many books were banned because they dealt with sex, drugs, and other controversial topics.

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of book banning in America. In 2021, there were more books banned in American schools than in any other year on record. The books that are being banned today are often about race, gender, and sexuality.

Here are some of the most famous books that have been banned in America:

  • * *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* by Mark Twain
  • * *To Kill a Mockingbird* by Harper Lee
  • * *Catch-22* by Joseph Heller
  • * *The Catcher in the Rye* by J.D. Salinger
  • * *Beloved* by Toni Morrison
  • * *The Perks of Being a Wallflower* by Stephen Chbosky
  • * *Harry Potter* series by J.K. Rowling
  • * *The Hunger Games* trilogy by Suzanne Collins
  • * *Thirteen Reasons Why* by Jay Asher
  • * *Gender Queer* by Maia Kobabe

Book banning is a serious problem because it denies people access to information and ideas. It is also a form of censorship, which is a threat to democracy.

**Why are books banned?**

  • There are a variety of reasons why books are banned. Some books are banned for religious reasons, while others are banned for political reasons. Still others are banned for moral reasons.
  • Books that are banned for religious reasons often deal with topics that are considered taboo by certain religions. For example, the Bible has been banned in some countries because it is considered to be a Christian text.
  • Books that are banned for political reasons often deal with controversial topics, such as communism, socialism, and other political ideologies. For example, many books were banned in the Soviet Union because they were critical of the government.
  • Books that are banned for moral reasons often deal with topics that are considered to be immoral, such as sex, drugs, and violence. For example, many books were banned in the United States during the Victorian era because they were considered to be too sexually suggestive.

**What are the effects of book banning?**

  • Book banning has a number of negative consequences. First, it denies people access to information and ideas. This can be particularly harmful to students and scholars, who need access to a variety of materials in order to learn and conduct research.
  • Second, book banning is a form of censorship. Censorship is a threat to democracy, because it prevents people from accessing the information they need to make informed decisions.
  • Third, book banning can have a chilling effect on free speech. When books are banned, authors and publishers may be less likely to publish books on controversial topics. This can lead to a less informed and less engaged public.
  • **What can be done to stop book banning?**

  • There are a number of things that can be done to stop book banning. First, it is important to be aware of the books that are being banned and the reasons why they are being banned. This information can be used to challenge book bans and educate the public about the importance of free speech.
  • Second, it is important to support libraries and bookstores that sell books that are often banned. Libraries and bookstores play an important role in ensuring that people have access to a variety of information and ideas.
  • Third, it is important to contact your elected officials and let them know that you oppose book banning. Elected officials need to hear from their constituents on this issue in order to take action to protect free speech.

Book banning is a serious problem, but it is a problem that can be solved. By working together, we can ensure that everyone has access to the information and ideas they need to be informed citizens.

According to the American Library Association, 729 books were challenged or banned in 2021, with more than 1500 individual book bans taking place across the country. The following organizations and groups have been actively supporting book banning in the US:

  • * **Focus on the Family** is a Christian non-profit organization that has been campaigning against books that it considers to be sexually suggestive or harmful to children. In 2021, Focus on the Family published a list of 100 books that it believes should be banned from libraries and schools.
  • * **The American Family Association** is another Christian non-profit organization that has been involved in book banning campaigns. In 2015, the American Family Association launched a campaign to ban the book "Gender Queer: A Memoir" from schools and libraries.
  • * **Moms for Liberty** is a conservative advocacy group that has been involved in book banning campaigns in recent years. In 2021, Moms for Liberty members challenged or banned over 100 books from schools and libraries across the country.
  • * **No Left Turn in Education** is a conservative education advocacy group that has been involved in book banning campaigns. In 2022, No Left Turn in Education published a list of 200 books that it believes should be banned from schools and libraries.
  • * **Parents Defending Education** is a conservative education advocacy group that has been involved in book banning campaigns. In 2022, Parents Defending Education launched a campaign to ban the book "The 1619 Project" from schools and libraries.

These are just a few of the organizations and groups that are actively supporting book banning in the US. It is important to note that book banning is a complex issue, and there are many different reasons why people support it. However, the organizations and groups listed above have been among the most active in supporting book banning campaigns in recent years.

It is also important to note that book banning is a threat to democracy and freedom of expression. When books are banned, people are denied access to information and ideas. This can be particularly harmful to students and scholars, who need access to a variety of materials in order to learn and conduct research.

If you are concerned about book banning, there are a number of things you can do. You can contact your elected officials and let them know that you oppose book banning. You can also support libraries and bookstores that sell books that are often banned. Finally, you can educate yourself and others about the importance of free speech and the dangers of book banning.


FROM BING AI

Thank you for your interest in the history of book banning in America. Here is a summary of what I found from my web search:

  • - Book banning is the practice of censoring or removing books from public or school libraries, classrooms, or bookstores because of their content, language, or themes.
  • - Book banning has a long history in the United States, dating back to the colonial era when religious authorities banned books that challenged their doctrines or morals.
  • - Some of the earliest banned books in America were The Meritorious Price of Our Redemption by William Pynchon, which was burned in 1650 for its theological views, and The New English Canaan by Thomas Morton, which was banned in 1637 for its criticism of Puritan society.
  • - Book banning became more prevalent during the slavery and Civil War periods, when books that supported abolition, such as Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, or criticized slavery, such as Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, were banned or restricted in the South.
  • - In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, book banning was influenced by social movements and moral crusades that targeted books that were considered obscene, immoral, or indecent, such as Ulysses by James Joyce, Lady Chatterley's Lover by D.H. Lawrence, and The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger.
  • - In the mid-20th century, book banning shifted to schools and libraries, where parents, teachers, administrators, and community groups challenged books that they deemed inappropriate or offensive for children or young adults. Some of the most frequently challenged books in this period were The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck.
  • - In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in Island Trees School District v. Pico that school officials cannot ban books solely based on their content, affirming the constitutional right to read. However, book banning and challenging continued to occur at local levels, often involving court cases and public debates.
  • - In recent years, book banning and challenging have increased significantly, especially targeting books that feature or address LGBTQ+ issues, people of color, racism, sexism, violence, sexuality, religion, or politics. Some of the most challenged books in 2020 were George by Alex Gino, Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You by Ibram X. Kendi and Jason Reynolds, and Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling.
  • - Book banning and challenging have been opposed by various organizations and individuals who advocate for intellectual freedom and the right to read. The American Library Association (ALA) organizes an annual Banned Books Week to raise awareness and celebrate the books that have been banned or challenged throughout history.

Bing, 9/21/2023

  • (1) The history of book bans in the United States - National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/history-of-book-bans-in-the-united-states.
  • (2) The little-known history of banned books in the United States. https://readingpartners.org/blog/history-banned-books-week/.
  • (3) PEN America reports book bans in Florida and U.S. grow by the thousands. What we know. https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/education/2023/09/21/books-bans-florida-pen-america-report-picture-health-lgbtq-people-of-color-book-banning-schools/70910852007/.
  • (4) Book-ban efforts continue at record pace, reports American Library Association. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/book-ban-efforts-continue-at-record-pace-reports-american-library-association/ar-AA1h17Mj.
  • (5) How many books were banned in Missouri last year? This report logs state at 3rd highest. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/how-many-books-were-banned-in-missouri-last-year-this-report-logs-state-at-3rd-highest/ar-AA1h30ox.
  • (6) The history of book bans in the United States - National Geographic. https://bing.com/search?q=history+of+book+banning+in+America.

According to my web search, there are many organizations and groups that are actively supporting book banning in the US. Some of them are:
  • - **Moms for Liberty**: A national organization that claims to advocate for parental rights in education. It has been involved in several book challenges and bans in school districts across the country, such as in Tennessee, Florida, and Texas. It has also launched a website called [Book Report](^1^) that lists books it considers inappropriate or harmful for children⁴⁵.
  • - **Parents Defending Education**: A national organization that aims to "reclaim" schools from "activists" who promote "indoctrination". It has filed complaints and lawsuits against schools and districts that use books or curricula that address topics such as racism, sexism, LGBTQ+ issues, or social justice. It also provides a [toolkit](^2^) for parents to challenge books and materials in schools⁴⁵.
  • - **No Left Turn in Education**: A national organization that opposes the teaching of "critical race theory" and "woke ideology" in schools. It has organized protests and campaigns to remove books and resources that it deems "divisive" or "anti-American" from schools and libraries. It also offers a [guide](^3^) for parents to fight against book censorship⁴⁵.
  • - **Family Policy Alliance**: A national organization that promotes "biblical citizenship" and "family values". It has supported efforts to ban books that feature or discuss LGBTQ+ characters or issues, such as George by Alex Gino and The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas. It also provides a [resource](^4^) for parents to protect their children from "harmful" books⁴⁵.
These are just some examples of the groups that support book banning in the US. There are many more groups operating at different levels and locations, often presenting themselves as grassroots efforts, while in reality they have links to prominent, wealthy, or influential individuals or organizations⁴⁵. These groups pose a serious threat to the freedom to read and the right to access information for everyone.
Bing, 9/21/2023
  • (1) More than 25 organizations join forces with the American Library .... https://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2022/05/organizations-join-ala-unite-against-book-bans.
  • (2) Banned in the USA: The Growing Movement to Ban Books - PEN America. https://pen.org/report/banned-usa-growing-movement-to-censor-books-in-schools/.
  • (3) At Least 50 Groups in the U.S. Advocated Banning Books This Year. https://www.advocate.com/news/2022/9/20/least-50-groups-us-advocated-banning-books-year.
  • (4) Unite Against Book Bans - Unite Against Book Bans. https://uniteagainstbookbans.org/.
  • (5) ‘Unparalleled in intensity’ – 1,500 book bans in US school districts .... https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/apr/07/book-bans-pen-america-school-districts.
  • (6) Banned in the USA: The Growing Movement to Ban Books - PEN America. https://pen.org/report/banned-usa-growing-movement-to-censor-books-in-schools/.


STANDARDIZED TESTING SUCKS

 

STANDARDIZED TESTING SUCKS

Larry Strauss Opinion contributor

Standardized testing sucks worse than a cheap vacuum cleaner. There, I said it. As a high school English teacher, I've seen firsthand how these tests have become a tyrant that sucks the life out of learning. It's time to stop prioritizing test scores over student learning and start focusing on what really matters.

Let's be real here, standardized tests only determine which students are good at taking tests. They offer no meaningful measure of progress and have not improved student performance. Instead, they measure a narrow range of skills and knowledge, leaving out important aspects like creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and social-emotional skills. It's like trying to judge a fish on its ability to climb a tree.

And let's not forget about the culture of teaching to the test that standardized testing creates. It reduces the quality and diversity of curriculum and instruction, leaving students bored and unchallenged. I mean, who wants to spend their days memorizing facts just to regurgitate them on a test?

But it gets worse. Standardized tests are racist, classist, and sexist. They reflect the biases and assumptions of the test developers, who are predominantly white, male, and affluent. This puts students from different cultural, linguistic, or socioeconomic backgrounds at a disadvantage. And don't even get me started on how they perpetuate stereotypes and discrimination against certain groups of students.

And let's not forget about how unfair standardized tests are as metrics for teacher evaluations. They don't account for the many factors that affect student learning and achievement, like poverty, family background, health, motivation, attendance, behavior, or prior knowledge. They also don't measure the many aspects of effective teaching, like rapport with students, classroom management, differentiation, or pedagogy. It's like trying to judge a chef on how well they can make toast.

But the worst part? Standardized test scores are not predictors of future success. They don't measure the skills and competencies that are essential for success in the 21st century, like creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, leadership, communication, or teamwork. They limit students' opportunities and choices by narrowing their options or excluding them from certain programs or institutions based on their test scores. It's like trying to judge a bird on how well it can swim.

So what can we do to address the negative consequences of standardized testing? Well, for starters, we can reduce the number of tests students are required to take. We can use standardized test results in conjunction with other data, like teacher assessments and student portfolios, to make decisions about student progress and placement. We can provide more support to students who are struggling with standardized tests. And we can develop tests that are less biased against certain groups of students.

It's time to stop sucking the life out of learning with standardized testing. Let's focus on what really matters: student learning, excitement, and joy. Because let's face it, no one wants to spend their days being sucked dry by a cheap vacuum cleaner.

Schools' obsession with standardized testing is ruining education https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2023/09/21/test-scores-standardized-testing-bad-measure-education-learning/70856233007/ 


THE DEFT DIVE


FROM BARD AI

Standardized testing has been a part of the American education system for over a century. The first standardized test, the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, was developed in 1924. Since then, standardized testing has become increasingly important, with students now taking standardized tests at multiple grade levels and in multiple subjects.

The focus on standardized testing in American schools is due to a number of factors, including:

  • * **The rise of accountability:** In the 1990s, there was a growing movement to hold schools accountable for student performance. This led to the development of standardized tests that could be used to compare the performance of different schools.
  • * **The belief that standardized tests can measure student learning:** Standardized tests are designed to measure student learning in specific subjects. This belief is based on the idea that there is a common body of knowledge that all students should learn.
  • * **The pressure from colleges and universities:** Many colleges and universities require students to submit standardized test scores as part of their applications. This pressure has led to students taking standardized tests at a younger age and taking them more often.

The focus on standardized testing has a number of positive and negative consequences.

**Positive consequences:**

  • * Standardized tests can provide data that can be used to track student progress and identify students who may need additional support.
  • * Standardized tests can help to ensure that all students are learning the same core skills and knowledge.
  • * Standardized tests can help to prepare students for college and the workforce.


**Negative consequences:**

  • * Standardized tests can be stressful for students and can lead to test anxiety.
  • * Standardized tests can narrow the curriculum, as teachers may focus on teaching to the test.
  • * Standardized tests can be biased against certain groups of students, such as low-income students and students of color.
  • * Standardized tests can be expensive to develop and administer.

The focus on standardized testing in American schools is a complex issue with both positive and negative consequences. It is important to weigh the pros and cons of standardized testing before deciding whether or not to support their use.

**What can be done to address the negative consequences of standardized testing?**

There are a number of things that can be done to address the negative consequences of standardized testing, including:

* **Reduce the number of standardized tests that students are required to take.**

* **Use standardized test results in conjunction with other data, such as teacher assessments and student portfolios, to make decisions about student progress and placement.**

* **Provide more support to students who are struggling with standardized tests.**

* **Develop standardized tests that are less biased against certain groups of students.**

By taking these steps, we can help to reduce the negative consequences of standardized testing and ensure that all students have the opportunity to succeed.


FROM BING AI

Standardized testing in American schools is a controversial topic that has been debated for decades. Some of the pros and cons of standardized testing are:

Pros:

  • - Standardized tests offer an objective measurement of education and a good metric to gauge areas for improvement. They assess students based on a similar set of questions, are given under nearly identical testing conditions, and are graded by a machine or blind reviewer. They are intended to provide an accurate, unfiltered measure of what a student knows⁵.
  • - Standardized tests offer meaningful data to help students in marginalized groups. They can reveal achievement gaps among different subgroups of students, such as racial/ethnic minorities, low-income students, English language learners, and students with disabilities. They can also hold schools accountable for providing quality education to all students and ensure that they receive the necessary resources and interventions⁵.
  • - Standardized tests are useful metrics for teacher evaluations. They can provide feedback to teachers on their strengths and weaknesses, as well as inform professional development and instructional decisions. They can also reward effective teachers with bonuses or recognition, and identify ineffective teachers who need improvement or dismissal⁵.
  • - Standardized tests scores are good indicators of college and job success. They can predict students' academic performance and readiness for higher education, as well as their potential for career advancement and earnings. They can also help students choose the best college or career path for them based on their interests and abilities⁵.

Cons:

  • - Standardized tests only determine which students are good at taking tests, offer no meaningful measure of progress, and have not improved student performance. They measure a narrow range of skills and knowledge, and do not capture students' creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, or social-emotional skills. They also create a culture of teaching to the test, which reduces the quality and diversity of curriculum and instruction. They have not led to significant improvements in student achievement or equity, as evidenced by the declining rankings of US students in international comparisons⁵.
  • - Standardized tests are racist, classist, and sexist. They reflect the biases and assumptions of the test developers, who are predominantly white, male, and affluent. They disadvantage students who come from different cultural, linguistic, or socioeconomic backgrounds, who may not be familiar with the test content or format. They also perpetuate stereotypes and discrimination against certain groups of students, who may face lower expectations or negative labels based on their test scores⁵.
  • - Standardized tests are unfair metrics for teacher evaluations. They do not account for the many factors that affect student learning and achievement, such as poverty, family background, health, motivation, attendance, behavior, or prior knowledge. They also do not measure the many aspects of effective teaching, such as rapport with students, classroom management, differentiation, or pedagogy. They can lead to unfair consequences for teachers, such as loss of autonomy, morale, or job security⁵.
  • - Standardized tests scores are not predictors of future success. They do not measure the skills and competencies that are essential for success in the 21st century, such as creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship, leadership, communication, or teamwork. They also do not account for the changing nature of work and learning in a globalized and digitalized world. They can limit students' opportunities and choices by narrowing their options or excluding them from certain programs or institutions based on their test scores⁵.

Bing, 9/21/2023

  • (1) Standardized Testing Pros and Cons - Does It Improve Education?. https://standardizedtests.procon.org/.
  • (2) History of Standardized Testing in the United States | NEA. https://www.nea.org/professional-excellence/student-engagement/tools-tips/history-standardized-testing-united-states.
  • (3) Future of Testing in Education: Effective and Equitable Assessment .... https://www.americanprogress.org/article/future-testing-education-effective-equitable-assessment-systems/.
  • (4) Schools must give standardized tests this year, Biden ... - EdSource. https://edsource.org/2021/schools-must-give-standardized-tests-this-spring/649751.
  • (5) Prepare for U.S. Standardized Tests | EducationUSA. https://educationusa.state.gov/your-5-steps-us-study/research-your-options/graduate/prepare-us-standardized-tests.
  • (6) Pro and Con: Standardized Tests | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-standardized-tests.
  • (7) Pros and Cons of Standardized Testing - Part Two - NWEF. https://noahwebstereducationalfoundation.org/pros-and-cons-of-standardized-testing-part-two/.
  • (8) Standardized Testing - Pros & Cons Part 1 - NWEF. https://noahwebstereducationalfoundation.org/pros-and-cons-of-standardized-testing-part-one/.





JIM CROW FUNDING FOR HBCUS

JIM CROW FUNDING FOR HBCUS

In a shocking turn of events, the Biden administration has discovered that historically Black land-grant colleges have been underfunded by hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars over the past 30 years. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona and Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack signed the memos, which are the first time the government has attempted to put a comprehensive number on the financial discrimination against these institutions.

Now, I know what you're thinking: "Jim Crow funding? Is that some kind of new Kickstarter campaign for racists?" But no, dear reader, it's much worse than that. Jim Crow funding refers to the systematic underfunding of historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) by the government.

HBCUs were founded to provide educational opportunities to Black Americans during a time when they were largely excluded from white institutions. These institutions have played a vital role in the education and empowerment of Black Americans, and they continue to do so today. But unfortunately, they have long been underfunded by the government.

In 2018, for example, HBCUs received only 3% of all federal funding for higher education, despite serving 10% of all Black college students. This underfunding has a number of negative consequences for HBCUs, including higher tuition and fees, fewer resources for students, and lower salaries for faculty and staff.

But let's be real here, folks. The government isn't just underfunding HBCUs because they're racist (although that's certainly a possibility). They're also underfunding them because they're cheap. It's like when you go to a fancy restaurant and they charge you $20 for a tiny piece of chicken breast. You know they could give you more, but they don't want to because they're trying to save money.

So what can be done to address this underfunding? Well, the government could start by increasing federal funding for HBCUs. They could also create targeted funding programs for HBCUs that focus on specific areas of need, such as STEM education, infrastructure, and faculty development. And they could provide tax breaks to donors to HBCUs, which would encourage more people to give to these institutions.

But let's be real here, folks. The government isn't going to do any of that. They're too busy spending money on things like building walls and buying tanks. So what can we do to help HBCUs? Well, we could start by donating money to them ourselves. I mean, sure, we could spend that money on things like avocado toast and fancy coffee drinks, but wouldn't it feel better to know that we're helping to support an institution that has played such an important role in the education and empowerment of Black Americans?

And if you're not convinced yet, think about this: HBCUs are some of the coolest colleges and universities out there. They have a rich history and culture that you just don't find at predominantly white institutions. Plus, they produce some seriously talented graduates. Did you know that Oprah Winfrey went to Tennessee State University? Or that Thurgood Marshall went to Howard University? Or that Kamala Harris went to Howard University too? That's right, folks. HBCUs are where the cool kids go.

So let's show some love to our HBCUs. Let's donate money to them, attend their events, and spread the word about how awesome they are. And who knows? Maybe one day we'll be able to say that we helped to end Jim Crow funding for good.

The Government Finally Acknowledges That It’s Been Underfunding HBCUs - The Atlantic https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/09/land-grant-colleges-underfunded-biden-administration/675379/ 

University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff chancellor reacts to Biden administration letter claiming state underfunding of school | KARK https://www.kark.com/news/education/university-of-arkansas-at-pine-bluff-chancellor-reacts-to-biden-administration-letter-claiming-state-underfunding-of-school/ 

Tennessee lawmakers react to federal claim that HBCU's were underfunded billions of dollars | WZTV https://fox17.com/newsletter-daily/tennessee-lawmakers-react-to-federal-claim-that-hbcus-were-underfunded-billions-of-dollars 

Fort Valley State University missed funding over 30 years. | 13wmaz.com https://www.13wmaz.com/article/news/education/fort-valley-state-university-missed-funding-30-yearrs/93-2926bf9e-043b-4fbe-8888-9fec88781ade 


THE DEFT DIVE 


FROM BARD AI 

Underfunding of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education that were founded to provide educational opportunities to Black Americans during a time when they were largely excluded from white institutions. HBCUs have played a vital role in the education and empowerment of Black Americans, and they continue to do so today.

However, HBCUs have long been underfunded by the government. In 2018, for example, HBCUs received only 3% of all federal funding for higher education, despite serving 10% of all Black college students. This underfunding has a number of negative consequences for HBCUs, including:

  • * **Higher tuition and fees:** HBCUs must rely more heavily on tuition and fees to cover their costs, which can make them less affordable for students.
  • * **Fewer resources for students:** HBCUs often have fewer resources than predominantly white institutions, such as smaller libraries, fewer research opportunities, and less state-of-the-art equipment.
  • * **Lower salaries for faculty and staff:** HBCU faculty and staff are often paid less than their counterparts at predominantly white institutions.

The underfunding of HBCUs is a serious problem that needs to be addressed. HBCUs play an important role in the education and empowerment of Black Americans, and they deserve to be adequately funded by the government.

**Here are some specific examples of how underfunding has impacted HBCUs:**

  • * In 2017, the National Endowment for the Humanities awarded HBCUs just 3.5% of its grants, despite HBCUs serving 10% of all Black college students.
  • * In 2018, the National Science Foundation awarded HBCUs just 5.5% of its research grants, despite HBCUs producing 13% of all Black bachelor's degrees in science and engineering.
  • * In 2019, the National Institutes of Health awarded HBCUs just 4.5% of its research grants, despite HBCUs producing 12% of all Black bachelor's degrees in health professions.

This underfunding has a direct impact on the quality of education that HBCU students receive. For example, HBCUs often have fewer resources to invest in their libraries, laboratories, and other facilities. They also have fewer faculty and staff, which can lead to larger class sizes and less individualized attention for students.

The underfunding of HBCUs is also a racial justice issue. Black students deserve to have access to high-quality education, and they should not be penalized because they choose to attend an HBCU. The government needs to do more to support HBCUs and ensure that they have the resources they need to succeed.

**What can be done to address the underfunding of HBCUs?**

There are a number of things that can be done to address the underfunding of HBCUs, including:

  • * **Increase federal funding for HBCUs:** The federal government should increase its funding for HBCUs, both in terms of overall funding and in terms of funding for specific programs and initiatives.
  • * **Create targeted funding programs for HBCUs:** The federal government should create targeted funding programs for HBCUs that focus on specific areas of need, such as STEM education, infrastructure, and faculty development.
  • * **Provide tax breaks to donors to HBCUs:** The federal government should provide tax breaks to donors to HBCUs, which would encourage more people to give to these institutions.
  • * **Increase the number of HBCUs that are eligible for Pell Grants:** The Pell Grant is the largest federal grant program for low-income students. The federal government should increase the number of HBCUs that are eligible for Pell Grants, which would make them more affordable for low-income students.

By taking these steps, the government can help to ensure that HBCUs have the resources they need to succeed and that Black students have access to high-quality education.


FROM BING AI

Here is a brief report on the government underfunding of historic black colleges and universities (HBCUs):

  • - HBCUs are institutions of higher education that were established before 1964 with the primary mission of educating African Americans. There are more than 100 HBCUs in the U.S., serving about 300,000 students, mostly from low-income and first-generation backgrounds.
  • - HBCUs have historically faced discrimination and underfunding from both federal and state governments. One of the sources of this inequity is the Second Morrill Act of 1890, which created 19 land-grant HBCUs in 17 states. These institutions were supposed to receive equal funding from their states as their predominantly white land-grant counterparts, which were established by the First Morrill Act of 1862. However, many states failed to comply with this requirement, resulting in a cumulative funding gap of $13 billion over 30 years, according to a recent analysis by the Biden administration³.
  • - The underfunding of HBCU land grants has had negative impacts on their academic quality, research capacity, infrastructure, student services, and enrollment. For example, some HBCU land grants have outdated facilities, low graduation rates, high student debt, and limited access to federal grants and contracts. These challenges have also affected their ability to fulfill their mission of serving the needs of Black communities and addressing racial disparities in various fields.
  • - The Biden administration has taken some steps to address the underfunding of HBCU land grants, such as sending letters to 16 governors urging them to rectify the funding inequities³, allocating $1.6 billion to HBCUs in the American Rescue Plan¹, and proposing $45 billion for HBCUs in the Build Back Better plan⁴. However, these efforts have faced opposition from some Republican lawmakers and state officials, who argue that they are unfair or unnecessary. Moreover, the proposed funding for HBCUs has been reduced to $2 billion in the latest version of the spending plan due to Democratic infighting⁴.
  • - HBCU advocates and leaders have called for more action from the federal and state governments to ensure that HBCU land grants receive equitable and sustainable funding. They have also sought support from private donors, corporations, foundations, and alumni to enhance their resources and programs. Some examples of recent donations to HBCUs include $40 million from MacKenzie Scott⁵, $20 million from Netflix⁵, and $10 million from Google⁵.

Bing, 9/21/2023

  • (1) States underfunded Black land grants by $13B over 30 years. https://bing.com/search?q=government+underfunding+of+historic+black+colleges+and+universities.
  • (2) The Government Finally Acknowledges That It’s Been Underfunding HBCUs .... https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/09/land-grant-colleges-underfunded-biden-administration/675379/.
  • (3) HBCU Funding Falls From $45 Billion to $2 Billion Under ... - Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/hbcu-funding-falls-45-billion-2-billion-under-latest-biden-spending-plan-1635870.
  • (4) Black colleges were denied state funding for decades. Now they're .... https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hbcu-coppin-state-tennessee-state-federal-funding-howard-kamala-harris/.
  • (5) States underfunded Black land grants by $13B over 30 years. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/government/2023/09/20/states-underfunded-black-land-grants-13b-over-30-years.